A plurality of input ports microcomputer, receives transmitted from a remote field device status signals, the computer processing of these signals, outputs various control signals to perform the corresponding operation. In the field environment more hostile when there is a big noise, if these disturbances along with the input signal into the computer system, will control the accuracy of the reduced, resulting in malfunction. Thus,lcd graphic display in the input and output of the microcomputer, as the interface with the coupler, the signal and noise isolation. The circuit is mainly used in the "A / D Converter" The digital signal output, and by the CPU of the forward channel control signal and the analog interface circuit, and thus to achieve different systems associated signal path between the same time, electrically isolated from each other on the path, and on this basis to achieve the analog circuits and digital circuits isolated from each other,OLED Module play a role in suppressing crosstalk.
For linear analog circuit path, requiring optocouplers must be able to carry out a linear transformation and transmission characteristics, or select on the tube, using complementary circuits to improve the linearity, or V / F conversion and then with digital optocoupler isolation.
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2013年7月31日星期三
Optically isolated anti-jamming technology
In the actual electronic circuit system, inevitably there are various interfering signals, anti-interference ability is poor if the circuit will cause the measurement, control accuracy decreased, resulting in malfunction, resulting in devastating consequences. Therefore, if the hardware using some design techniques,lcd module destroy the interference signal into the control system approach, which can effectively improve anti-jamming capability. Facts have proved that the use of isolation technology is a simple and effective method. Isolation technology is the destruction of the "land" means interference immunity method commonly used in optical coupling device hardware electrically → light → electrical isolation, he can effectively destroy the source of interference to enter, to achieve reliable signal isolation, and easy to form the kind of functional status.
Optical coupling devices are the light-emitting device (such as light emitting diode) and a photosensitive device (such as a phototransistor) assembled together to form electrically coupled achieved through light - light and light - electricity conversion device. Figure 1 shows the common optocoupler transistor schematic.
When an electrical signal fed to the optocoupler input, light-emitting diodes by the current and light, lcm module after light generated by the photosensitive element current, CE conduction; when no signal is input, the LED is not lit, phototransistor deadline, CE unreasonable. For digital, when the input is low level "0", the photosensitive transistor off, the output is high level "1"; when the input is high level "1", the phototransistor saturated conduction, the output is low "0." If a lead base may meet the temperature compensation, detecting modulation requirements. This optocoupler performance is better, cheaper, and thus widely used.
Optical coupling devices are the light-emitting device (such as light emitting diode) and a photosensitive device (such as a phototransistor) assembled together to form electrically coupled achieved through light - light and light - electricity conversion device. Figure 1 shows the common optocoupler transistor schematic.
When an electrical signal fed to the optocoupler input, light-emitting diodes by the current and light, lcm module after light generated by the photosensitive element current, CE conduction; when no signal is input, the LED is not lit, phototransistor deadline, CE unreasonable. For digital, when the input is low level "0", the photosensitive transistor off, the output is high level "1"; when the input is high level "1", the phototransistor saturated conduction, the output is low "0." If a lead base may meet the temperature compensation, detecting modulation requirements. This optocoupler performance is better, cheaper, and thus widely used.
2013年7月29日星期一
CCFL lamp works
CCFL lamp works
Cold cathode fluorescent lamp is sealed in a glass tube inert gas Ne + Ar gas mixture, which contains trace amounts of mercury vapor (several mg), and the phosphor coating on the glass wall, the second electrode with a high pressure between the high frequency electric field, the mercury vapor is excited in this electric field which produce energy release luminous effect and emit a wavelength of 253.7nm ultraviolet light, while the inner wall of the phosphor atoms due to UV excitation and enhance their energy levels, when the atom is anti-radiation back to the original low-energy bands visible light (wavelength of visible light by a phosphor This material characteristics of the decision).
Spin-coated glass
Mainly for the semiconductor manufacturing process locality planarization technology. SOG dielectric material is a liquid containing a solvent in a spin coating (spin Coating) mode, uniformly coated on the wafer surface, depositing a dielectric layer to fill the concave holes. After heat treatment and then, the solvent can be removed, leaving the wafer on watch curing (Curing) Approximate after silica (SiO2) a dielectric material.
RSDS (slight differential signal) and LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signaling) preliminary knowledge
Low voltage differential (differential) signal (signal) and Reduced (reduced, reducing) Swing (swing, swing) differential signal, if there is no formal national title, tentatively I call low-voltage differential signal and a slight differential signal. Although the two solution (solution, answers, solutions) are different, but the substance is similar, the purpose is to reduce the EMI (electromagnetic interference), specifically for the video card and LVDS LCD driver board communication between T-con, RSDS for T-con and a source driver chip communications. The current T-con are integrated LVDS and RSDS the receiving end of the transmission side. With a laptop, for example, video signal is first fed into the LVDS transmitter chip, after treatment, the original 18-bit RGB signals, three control signals and a clock signal of 22 signal becomes eight signals, and This eight lines are divided into four pairs, each pair of intertwined and sent to T-con chip (Why entwined it? studied physics people should know that such a magnetic field generated by each line can cancel each other out, Note: Each pair of lines The current form a loop). While the voltage amplitude reduced to a few hundred milli-pay.
To know the lcd module and the volume of traffic between hosts is huge, very high frequency, if you do not use LVDS and RSDS, EMI generated enough so the TFT LCD Display is not normal, and if the laptop, but also interfere with other parts of the work.
After using Lvds and rsds, the benefits are: 1. Reduce EMI. 2. Reduce interface connections three lower voltage 4. Operating frequency can reach 455Mbps (XGA), 5 to reduce PCB space
Note: LVDS and RSDS is actually two IC, if the T-con is not integrated, they are used in pairs, if integrated, it is to find out the T-con model, then choose the appropriate LVDS and RSDS transmitter chip to accept chip.
T-con is the Timing (set time) Control (control, domination), LCD timing controller, LCD driver board is the most important component.
Cold cathode fluorescent lamp is sealed in a glass tube inert gas Ne + Ar gas mixture, which contains trace amounts of mercury vapor (several mg), and the phosphor coating on the glass wall, the second electrode with a high pressure between the high frequency electric field, the mercury vapor is excited in this electric field which produce energy release luminous effect and emit a wavelength of 253.7nm ultraviolet light, while the inner wall of the phosphor atoms due to UV excitation and enhance their energy levels, when the atom is anti-radiation back to the original low-energy bands visible light (wavelength of visible light by a phosphor This material characteristics of the decision).
Spin-coated glass
Mainly for the semiconductor manufacturing process locality planarization technology. SOG dielectric material is a liquid containing a solvent in a spin coating (spin Coating) mode, uniformly coated on the wafer surface, depositing a dielectric layer to fill the concave holes. After heat treatment and then, the solvent can be removed, leaving the wafer on watch curing (Curing) Approximate after silica (SiO2) a dielectric material.
RSDS (slight differential signal) and LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signaling) preliminary knowledge
Low voltage differential (differential) signal (signal) and Reduced (reduced, reducing) Swing (swing, swing) differential signal, if there is no formal national title, tentatively I call low-voltage differential signal and a slight differential signal. Although the two solution (solution, answers, solutions) are different, but the substance is similar, the purpose is to reduce the EMI (electromagnetic interference), specifically for the video card and LVDS LCD driver board communication between T-con, RSDS for T-con and a source driver chip communications. The current T-con are integrated LVDS and RSDS the receiving end of the transmission side. With a laptop, for example, video signal is first fed into the LVDS transmitter chip, after treatment, the original 18-bit RGB signals, three control signals and a clock signal of 22 signal becomes eight signals, and This eight lines are divided into four pairs, each pair of intertwined and sent to T-con chip (Why entwined it? studied physics people should know that such a magnetic field generated by each line can cancel each other out, Note: Each pair of lines The current form a loop). While the voltage amplitude reduced to a few hundred milli-pay.
To know the lcd module and the volume of traffic between hosts is huge, very high frequency, if you do not use LVDS and RSDS, EMI generated enough so the TFT LCD Display is not normal, and if the laptop, but also interfere with other parts of the work.
After using Lvds and rsds, the benefits are: 1. Reduce EMI. 2. Reduce interface connections three lower voltage 4. Operating frequency can reach 455Mbps (XGA), 5 to reduce PCB space
Note: LVDS and RSDS is actually two IC, if the T-con is not integrated, they are used in pairs, if integrated, it is to find out the T-con model, then choose the appropriate LVDS and RSDS transmitter chip to accept chip.
T-con is the Timing (set time) Control (control, domination), LCD timing controller, LCD driver board is the most important component.
FPC common sense solution graph cases
Flexible printed circuit board (Flexible Printed Circuit Board) is a flexible insulating base material is a printed circuit having a plurality of rigid printed circuit board does not have the advantages. For example, it can be freely bent, winding, folding, Character LCD
Module can be arranged in accordance with requirements of any space layout, and any movement in three-dimensional space and flexibility to achieve the component assembly and integration of wire connections. FPC can be greatly reduced using the volume of electronic products, electronic products applicable to high-density, small size, high reliability direction of development. Therefore, FPC in the aerospace, military, mobile communications, portable computers, computer peripherals, PDA, digital cameras and other areas or products have been widely used.
FPC also has good heat resistance and weldability, and ease of installation even, comprehensive and low cost,122x32 lcd a combination of hardware and software design has to a certain extent make up for flexible substrates on the carrying capacity of the element slightly less.
There are single-sided flexible printed circuit board, double-sided and multilayer of the points. The use of copper-clad polyimide substrate based. Such materials having high heat resistance, dimensional stability, both mechanical protection and electrical insulation properties and good coating film formed by pressing the end product. Double-sided, multi-layer printed circuit boards and the inner surface inside and outside the conductor layer through the metal of the electrical circuit connections.
FPC also has good heat resistance and weldability, and ease of installation even, comprehensive and low cost,122x32 lcd a combination of hardware and software design has to a certain extent make up for flexible substrates on the carrying capacity of the element slightly less.
There are single-sided flexible printed circuit board, double-sided and multilayer of the points. The use of copper-clad polyimide substrate based. Such materials having high heat resistance, dimensional stability, both mechanical protection and electrical insulation properties and good coating film formed by pressing the end product. Double-sided, multi-layer printed circuit boards and the inner surface inside and outside the conductor layer through the metal of the electrical circuit connections.
TFT-LCD glass substrate manufacturing method
Currently in commercial applications, the glass substrate thickness is 0.7 mm and the main 0.6mm, and is about to enter the thinner (eg 0.4 mm) thickness processes. Basically, a TFT-LCD panels need to use the two glass substrates, glass substrates, respectively, and for the bottom for the color filter (COLOR FILT ER) of the base plate used. Ordinary glass substrate manufacturing suppliers and assembly plants for LCD panel color filter processing factory of the glass substrate supply ratio is about 1:1.1 to about 1:1.3.
LCD glass substrates used in alkali glass and none can be divided into two major categories of non-alkali glass; alkali glass include sodium borosilicate glass and neutral glass are two more used in TN and STN Lcd display modules , the main manufacturers of Nippon Sheet Glass ( NHT), Asahi (Asahi) and Central Glass (Central Glass), so as to floating production-oriented legal process; alkali glass places alkali aluminosilicate glass (Alumino Silicate Glass, the main component of SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3 and BaO, etc.) based, an alkali metal content of less than 1% of total, mainly for Character LCD Module, the leader of the United States Corning (Corning) company to overflow process production based fusion method.
Thin glass substrate depends on the characteristics of the glass composition, the glass composition of the glass will affect the thermal expansion, viscosity (strain, annealing, transformation, softening and working point), chemical resistance, optical absorption and penetration in various kind of frequency and temperature, electrical characteristics, product quality and in addition by the material composition effects, also depends on the production process.
LCD glass substrates used in alkali glass and none can be divided into two major categories of non-alkali glass; alkali glass include sodium borosilicate glass and neutral glass are two more used in TN and STN Lcd display modules , the main manufacturers of Nippon Sheet Glass ( NHT), Asahi (Asahi) and Central Glass (Central Glass), so as to floating production-oriented legal process; alkali glass places alkali aluminosilicate glass (Alumino Silicate Glass, the main component of SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3 and BaO, etc.) based, an alkali metal content of less than 1% of total, mainly for Character LCD Module, the leader of the United States Corning (Corning) company to overflow process production based fusion method.
Thin glass substrate depends on the characteristics of the glass composition, the glass composition of the glass will affect the thermal expansion, viscosity (strain, annealing, transformation, softening and working point), chemical resistance, optical absorption and penetration in various kind of frequency and temperature, electrical characteristics, product quality and in addition by the material composition effects, also depends on the production process.
ITO conductive glass for use and storage and handling methods
ITO conductive glass to use:
Any time does not allow stacking;
In addition to the provisions generally require vertical placement; flat operation, try to keep the ITO side down; thickness of 0.55mm or less vertical glass can be placed;
Can only take place when the contact edges, can not touch the surface of ITO custom lcd display conductive glass;
Gently, not with other fixtures and machine collision;
If you want long term storage, be sure to pay attention to moisture, so as not to affect the resistance and transmittance of the glass;
For large area and a long strip of glass to be considered in the design layout of the float glass substrate orientation.
ITO conductive glass storage and handling methods:
ITO conductive glass storage methods:
ITO conductive glass should be stored at room temperature, and humidity below 65% dry preservation; storage is maintained vertical glass when placed between the glass stacked no more than two-story, wooden boxes stacked cargo loaded ITO conductive glass can not exceed five. ITO OLED Module conductive glass loading cartons of goods, in principle, can be stacked.
ITO conductive glass handling methods:
Fragile, handle with care, maintaining stability during transportation, handling time should not exceed three storeys.
Any time does not allow stacking;
In addition to the provisions generally require vertical placement; flat operation, try to keep the ITO side down; thickness of 0.55mm or less vertical glass can be placed;
Can only take place when the contact edges, can not touch the surface of ITO custom lcd display conductive glass;
Gently, not with other fixtures and machine collision;
If you want long term storage, be sure to pay attention to moisture, so as not to affect the resistance and transmittance of the glass;
For large area and a long strip of glass to be considered in the design layout of the float glass substrate orientation.
ITO conductive glass storage and handling methods:
ITO conductive glass storage methods:
ITO conductive glass should be stored at room temperature, and humidity below 65% dry preservation; storage is maintained vertical glass when placed between the glass stacked no more than two-story, wooden boxes stacked cargo loaded ITO conductive glass can not exceed five. ITO OLED Module conductive glass loading cartons of goods, in principle, can be stacked.
ITO conductive glass handling methods:
Fragile, handle with care, maintaining stability during transportation, handling time should not exceed three storeys.
2013年7月26日星期五
The use of liquid crystal
TFT Lcd Modules stirred prior to use infusion before use, adding a chiral agent, a solid crystal, heated to sixty degrees Celsius, and then rapidly cooled to room temperature and stirred well. And in the course can not stand for too long. Especially low threshold voltage of the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal has a low threshold voltage of these different characteristics, so the use of these liquid crystal should note the following:
LCD stir before use, deployment of a good COG LCD Display should immediately put into production use, minimize storage time standing, avoid chromatography phenomenon.
Deployment of a good LCD to be stamped into the shade, and as far as a shift (eight hours) are finished using, use up the LCD need to be recycled after mixing retest voltage reuse. Generally with time, the driving voltage will increase.
LCD bottles drawn from the factory, the original bottle cap shading to save time and reduce exposure to the open air in the time normally exposed to the air for too long, will increase the leakage current of the LCD.
Sink low threshold voltage of LCD tablets empty box is best to pour from the PI solid roast process between LCD, save the stream production time within twenty-four hours in an empty box, irrigation fluid operations typically use a relatively low perfusion rate.
Low threshold voltage LCD seal must be stamped at the appropriate hood, and in addition to the entire irrigation liquid crystal sealing compound during curing period, but also should be kept away from UV source. Otherwise it will appear in the wrong place near ultraviolet and threshold voltage increases to the phenomenon.
LCD is an organic polymer material, easily dissolved in various solvents or other chemicals react with the liquid crystal itself is a good solvent, so the use and storage process to try to stay away from other chemicals.
Polaroid storage and handling methods
Polaroid Storage:
Polaroid should be stored at room OLED Display Module and humidity below 75% shading to save; storage is required when laid flat; complete packaging suppliers Polaroid identified by vendor stack height and stacking position stacked; courier packaging polarizer, bulk heap Polaroid, per 300 stacked separately isolated support piling in
Polaroid handling methods:
Polaroid handling when transporting material to be placed on top, height can not exceed the stack height, and to gently, not upright, can not touch pressure.
Table 2: Polaroid Common Specifications
Annex 3: Polaroid factory applied by way of purchase of some of the special classification methods:
Original whole piece; factory level processing chip; outward processing whole composite sheet; TFT scrap; outward processing TFT scrap composite sheet; scrap piece
Annex 4: Factory now using a composite sheet to use:
All outgoing composite polarizing film processors composite processing, the proposed plant for separation processing; then fixed by color batches or one color and then outward processing complex in order to ensure the composite front polarizer broadly consistent color.
Polaroid color processing performed by the quality control re-warehousing, the production department in the slice is recommended before about the background to understand the product, and if there are green or greenish background slight rainbow, the selection of slightly more yellow polarizer; contrary Products with a yellow background color yellowish or slightly rainbow, serial oled then choose Shaopian green polarizer.
Production requisitioned polarizing films recommended by color batches requisitioned online generally do not deposit a large variety of colors, to avoid confusion.
Color separation processing, unless the existing inventory Polaroid background colors can not meet customer requirements, otherwise, not recommended for larger polarizer angle adjustment, in order to avoid loss of product required optical properties.
2013年7月25日星期四
Digital LCD module's counting module
This is a segment type liquid crystal display device by a dedicated integrated circuit and the functional components are integrally assembled, can only show some identification numbers and symbols. Segment type liquid crystal display devices are mostly used in portable, pocket-sized device. Because of these devices are small, so as not to display the part of the design as a separate part, even if some applications require a separate display component, then it should also be in addition to a display function, but also has some information for receiving, processing, storage transfer and other functions, because they have some kind of generic, specific functions and welcomed by the market.
Counting Modules
This is a seven-segment digits by a different type liquid crystal display device and decoding drives, or assembled together with the count of the counter display unit. It has a recording, processing, display number of features. Currently on the market able to see our main products are driven by the CD4055 decoding drive unit liquid crystal display display module, as well as by the ICM72ll, ICM7231, ICM7232, CDl4543, UPDl45001, HD44100 and other integrated circuits and corresponding sets of liquid crystal display device assembled into The 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 counting module. In the selection of such counting module must note the following:
(1) clarify the function: Although called "counter SPI lcd", but most of them can not be directly counted. They are some of the input port interfaces BCD code form only, some BCD code plus strobe terminal input interface in the form, there is direct with serial, parallel port interface connected forms, etc., as necessary to calculate or record a string of numbers, you must also configure the appropriate circuit, of course, there will be counting on the module circuit with good products.
(2) look for structure: a liquid crystal display device has a different mounting method and structure. This solid, in the selection to the attention of its structural features, in general, this counting TFT LCD Module mostly from zebra conductive rubber, plastic (or metal) pressure box and the PCB liquid crystal display devices and integrated circuits will be assembled together. Outer lead terminals with solder type, plug pin, pin-type circuit boards of several.
(3) attention to power: a piece of equipment should try to use a unified power, the common liquid crystal display counter module has a single-and dual power supply type, with 5V and 9V different specifications.
Counting Modules
This is a seven-segment digits by a different type liquid crystal display device and decoding drives, or assembled together with the count of the counter display unit. It has a recording, processing, display number of features. Currently on the market able to see our main products are driven by the CD4055 decoding drive unit liquid crystal display display module, as well as by the ICM72ll, ICM7231, ICM7232, CDl4543, UPDl45001, HD44100 and other integrated circuits and corresponding sets of liquid crystal display device assembled into The 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 counting module. In the selection of such counting module must note the following:
(1) clarify the function: Although called "counter SPI lcd", but most of them can not be directly counted. They are some of the input port interfaces BCD code form only, some BCD code plus strobe terminal input interface in the form, there is direct with serial, parallel port interface connected forms, etc., as necessary to calculate or record a string of numbers, you must also configure the appropriate circuit, of course, there will be counting on the module circuit with good products.
(2) look for structure: a liquid crystal display device has a different mounting method and structure. This solid, in the selection to the attention of its structural features, in general, this counting TFT LCD Module mostly from zebra conductive rubber, plastic (or metal) pressure box and the PCB liquid crystal display devices and integrated circuits will be assembled together. Outer lead terminals with solder type, plug pin, pin-type circuit boards of several.
(3) attention to power: a piece of equipment should try to use a unified power, the common liquid crystal display counter module has a single-and dual power supply type, with 5V and 9V different specifications.
LCD Module
The liquid crystal display module is a liquid crystal display device, a connecting member, IC, PCB circuit board, backlight, the structure of the components assembled together. English name is "lcd module", abbreviated "LCM", Chinese generally known as "LCD module." In fact, it is a commercial component. According to the provisions of the relevant national standards: Only can not be split until the integration of components called "modules" can be split called "components." So specification is called should be called "LCD components." However, due to a long time people have been accustomed to call "modules."
Liquid crystal low temperature lcd device is a high-tech base components, although its application Pat is very broad, but for many people, the use, the assembly is still troubled. Especially the dot matrix liquid crystal display device, the user will feel even more impossible to start. Special connection mode and special equipment is required to understand and have a non-human person, thus the liquid crystal display device of the user wants to do it was, and control the liquid crystal display device, the driver IC mounted together to form a feature, the user simply using traditional craft is ready to be assembled into a whole system.
Broadly speaking, all from the liquid crystal display device and integrated circuit components are assembled together are "modules", but in fact we usually call "modules" mainly refers to the dot-matrix liquid crystal display dot matrix LCD module assembly, especially because it is a dot-matrix liquid crystal display products in addition to a number of large quantities of certain specific species (such as translation, communications use), manufacturers supply directly to the liquid crystal display device users, almost all general-matrix liquid crystal display devices are after processing into module supply to the users, so it is easy to form "LCD module" is the "dot matrix LCD module" misunderstanding.
Liquid crystal low temperature lcd device is a high-tech base components, although its application Pat is very broad, but for many people, the use, the assembly is still troubled. Especially the dot matrix liquid crystal display device, the user will feel even more impossible to start. Special connection mode and special equipment is required to understand and have a non-human person, thus the liquid crystal display device of the user wants to do it was, and control the liquid crystal display device, the driver IC mounted together to form a feature, the user simply using traditional craft is ready to be assembled into a whole system.
Broadly speaking, all from the liquid crystal display device and integrated circuit components are assembled together are "modules", but in fact we usually call "modules" mainly refers to the dot-matrix liquid crystal display dot matrix LCD module assembly, especially because it is a dot-matrix liquid crystal display products in addition to a number of large quantities of certain specific species (such as translation, communications use), manufacturers supply directly to the liquid crystal display device users, almost all general-matrix liquid crystal display devices are after processing into module supply to the users, so it is easy to form "LCD module" is the "dot matrix LCD module" misunderstanding.
2013年7月24日星期三
High Brightness LED structure features and applications
Although the LED is a current device - high-brightness LED is no exception, but the car taillights, brake, turn signal lighting and other applications can still benefit from the voltage driver structure.
When efficient LED available for use, retail and residential LED interior lighting may soon appear. LED manufacturers are only just beginning to address the problem of high color temperature.
Due to the high brightness LED manufacturing process, device design, assembly progress in technical aspects, lcd module light-emitting device performance has been improved, and its cost has been reduced, performance improvement and cost reduction of the speed memorable. PN junction design, and the lens re-radiation structures phosphor helps improve efficiency, it also helps to improve the availability of light output (with the text "lab LED"). On high-output white LED, the wide spectrum of performance improvement for general lighting makes low-maintenance energy-efficient light sources hopeful.
Although achieve comparable with standard fluorescent LED efficiency will take some time, but as semiconductor lighting industry association (Semiconductor Lighting Industry Association) Chairman Yung S Liu said: "LED light is more environmentally friendly products, because it is not the same as fluorescent lamps, do not use mercury. "
Solid-state lighting components and work in the environmental advantages of the current efficiency is not the major market drivers, but it does make this technology and its suppliers have a good image.
At the same time, working in a variety of fields for OEM designers and marketing staff have been expanding the scope of the practical application of solid-state lighting, and has been closely watching the market acceptance. However, the end user in the solid-state lighting device life experience different cost-benefit, which is very different from traditional lighting equipment. The fact that market values change complicated. And compared to incandescent light bulbs and fluorescent light bulbs, high brightness LED usage and maintenance costs are much lower, which can offset the higher initial cost of lcd graphic display modules Although the above discussion may be very attractive, but make it in the "price first, others second," mindset dominated the consumer market caused great difficulty selling.
Light fixture manufacturers traditionally not considered in their design lamp thermal management, just to make sure to provide adequate convection tungsten high operating temperature will not bring fire danger surrounding materials or fixtures operator burn hazard. The fact that a high output solid-state lighting device mass complications. However, if the final design is to make the LED light output and lifetime best, then the high-brightness LED fixture requires a certain degree of thermal design.
Thus, although not soon see high-brightness LED from the traditional incandescent or fluorescent hardware stores and home centers crowding out on the shelves, but these devices are into automobiles, traffic control, external signs and other market segments, because in all of these areas, high efficiency and long lamp life will increase the apparent value.
High-speed color laser introduce environmentally friendly LED technology
As in recent years, color laser printing technology continues to improve, the corresponding market has entered a mature stage steadily and naturally the user's demand is also constantly upgrading the. View from Europe and other developed countries, color laser printer in the business office, government offices, professional output fields of application already very popular; while in the domestic market, business office area, but also has begun to accept the color laser printer, and become a major consumer groups . However, the core technology has two color laser front, the consumer should choose the former or the latter, it will become a problem.
Color laser technology classification
In today's global field printers, color laser products are usually scanned by optical imaging technique to divide, the imaging mode is dominated by two core technologies. They are 7 TFT display module LightEmittingDiode) printing and laser printing (Laser) technology.
Compare two techniques
Because in the country, the media reported more concentrated in such laser printing technology. Its technology works by changing the print content on the photosensitive drum with a dot as a unit pixel bitmap image, and then transferred to the print-print content. Its core technology is the so-called electronic imaging technology is a core component can photosensitive drum. The emitted laser emitter laser irradiation in a prism-shaped mirror, along with the rotation of the mirror, the light from one end to the other end of the drum in turn swept cartridge in 1/300 inch or 1/600 inch stride rotation , scanned line by line.
Printing technology, it is in recent years, the domestic market is more active in a brand-new technology. While entering the domestic market relatively late, in fact we did not know, TFT Lcd Modules echnology is the world's oldest, is also one of the most advanced imaging technology, business applications of this technology can be traced back to the 1960s. LED basic composition containing a plurality of circuits including small semiconductor chip and a semiconductor light-emitting material, a semiconductor wafer is a small element of the core framework, covering the periphery of the protective effect of the epoxidized sealing material, as an LED light can be inclined in the forward direction sent directly monochromatic light. Especially after 90 years, LED technology throughout to scan imaging from traffic to other fields, particularly in the OKI, Canon and other printer manufacturers to promote the LED-based technology in the print imaging applications mature.
2013年7月23日星期二
Process temperature setting can reduce the harm of Pt
Temperature is decided by the amount of the PtO2 steam, but the glass fluid and ambient temperature difference △ T is the equation (1) real impetus, when △ T intensify violent reaction, whereas the reaction decreases; therefore possible reduced △ T, can also reduce condensation on the glass surface Pt.
We know that in the production of optical glass, clear part of the temperature and △ T max, which is the most intense reaction at this stage, and in this area due to the air bubbles, so the design of the crucible must be left at this stage the molten glass is relatively maximum free surface, thus causing another aspect, Pt crucible, there is a large portion is exposed to high temperature in the air, so most of the Pt is generated in this stage and in the glass melting or precipitation. Therefore, in the design of the clarification of the crucible were, be designed as a series of crucibles to reduce the size of the clear area(TFT Lcd Modules) can design a heating device in front, narrow the external atmosphere and the temperature difference between the molten glass, reducing the reaction driving force; also can be designed to clarify the drum-shaped parts, thus ensuring the residence time of glass to reduce as much as possible on the basis of Pt directly exposed to high-temperature air of the area, to further reduce the amount of reaction. To alleviate Pt "flash" is produced good.
Of course, in the production, the process should also be designed in accordance with the principles and methods to reduce the temperature of the refining zone to solve the "flash" is very effective. In addition, the production will encounter sometimes a "flashpoint" Reducing clarification zone temperature ineffective when, coming back to the previously mentioned "flash point" appears another key ---- Pt crystals dissolve and precipitation. Composition of the glass due to the different grades of different, there are differences in the solubility of Pt; and each of the different grades of the production process, will increase this difference. Therefore, this type of "flash" (COG LCD Display)may be created in the high temperature region that Pt component dissolved again precipitated at low temperatures.
The microstructure of this impurity exactly the same as the previous one, is often mistaken for the clarification zone generated, so take down the clarification zone temperature approach is not effective, and change the low temperature zone temperature gradient for solving this kind of form of "flash Point "is very effective. It is dissolved in the glass in the discharge tube Pt in the form of re-precipitation of crystals, the process is similar to the general glass crystallization. Low temperature crucible surface is not smooth crystallization of "nuclei", the appropriate temperature gradient and sufficient residence time for crystal growth to provide a suitable environment.
Pt particles in glass
Pt has a very good high temperature performance, 1700 ℃ above the melting temperature, difficult to be oxidized under high temperature, high density advantages, in the production of high quality glass only Pt was used to avoid erosion of the remaining material into a high temperature glass impurities. But the high temperature of the substance also exist loose surface, evaporation and oxidation conditions, the use of Pt crucibles optical glass components inevitably contained Pt.
Pt generally occurs in the glass, principally temperature related, but some use in the pool electrode heating furnace,(OLED modules) glass bubbler --- Pt apparatus, mixer, etc., there will be an instant electrode reaction, resulting in Pt large number of fine glass particles.
Pt particles produced by high-temperature
Studies have shown that, Pt evaporation losses at high temperatures caused largely by PtO2.
Pt when heated in air, leaving an oxide greatly increased loss of Pt, experiments show that heating at lower temperatures, Pt surface no obvious changes. But actually generate a very thin film solid oxide, the oxide film is thickened with the rise of temperature. Heating was continued to a critical temperature, the Pt speaking, this temperature is about 400 ~ 500 ℃, no further thickening of the oxide film, but completely disappeared. That is, in this temperature undergoes a phase change - directly into the gaseous state from solid to PtO2 PtO2, and with the temperature, the more dramatic changes, the generated gases PtO2 more. Trend of gaseous PtO2 depends PtO2 freedom escape from the metal surface, in other words, if the metal surface is open, but also as the power flowing air, then the generated PtO2 was dispersed into the air, and the formation PtO2 strong evaporation. However, if the heated refractory metal surface and the like is closed, and no flow of air as the driving force,(color lcd display module) PtO2 equilibrium partial pressure of gas will be reduced, a small space is formed in supersaturated PtO2. At this time, if the temperature of the refractory metal surface and is still above 500 ℃, gaseous PtO2 can not deposited in solid PtO2 (because it is still being above the critical temperature), but the dissociation into metal Pt deposited in PtO2 the gas phase in equilibrium.
(1) is deposited on the glass surface of the Pt is dissolved in the molten glass, if the glass of the supersaturation Pt, Pt in the form of the glass with metal precipitates form harmful Pt --- "flash." Thus, we can see the "flash" appears, and the Pt crucible temperature, atmosphere, surface protection, and Pt is the solubility of the glass.
2013年7月21日星期日
Resistive touch screen technology works
The main part of the resistive touch screen with a display surface is very thin with a resistance screen, which is a multilayer composite film, it is a layer of glass or hard plastic plate as the grass surface with a transparent metal oxide diagram (ITO indium , a transparent conductive resistance) conductive layer, above the outer surface of the cover with a layer of hardened, smooth anti-friction plastic layer, its inner surface is also coated with a layer of ITO coated, among them many of the small (less than 1 / 1000 inches) transparent separation point two conductive layers separated by insulation. When a finger touches the screen, two conductive layers in the touch point there will be a touch controller to detect and calculate the exposure (X, Y) position, according to simulate a mouse operation. This is the resistive touch screen technology of the basic principles. Graphic LCD Module
Resistance screen since entering the market, it is to stabilize the quality, availability and environmental quality * highly adaptable occupy the majority of the market. Especially in the industrial areas, due to its high demand environment and conditions, but also shows the uniqueness of the resistive screen, touch its products in similar products occupy 90% of the market volume, has become the market mainstream products. Its biggest feature is not afraid of oil, dust, water.
G-Touch latest fourth-generation resistive touch screen technology and other resistive screen product differs in that: It glass substrate board, making a higher transmittance, reflectance index is more suitable for the user. Meanwhile, the uniform coating of the glass bottom of the conductive layer adsorbed on the touch screen particles by electrostatic uninstall ground to ensure a touch more accurate positioning, more sensitive, completely remove the charged particles caused by excessive drift, positioning allowed, the reaction is slow, making it longer life (physical measurement single point of continuous use up to 15 years), and have the ability to maintenance-free, anti-scratch degree has also been greatly improved. Indeed is a superior quality products at reasonable prices.
Four-wire resistive screen features: COG LCD Display
■ High-resolution, high-speed response.
■ Surface hardness treatment, reduce abrasion, scratch and anti-chemical treatment.
■ with glossy and matte.
■ a correction, high stability, and never drift.
Four-wire resistive analog technology work two transparent metal layers each layer increases 5V constant voltage: a vertical direction and a horizontal direction. Total need four cables.
Five-wire resistive screen features:
■ high-resolution, high-speed transmission response.
■ surface hardness, reduce abrasion, scratches and chemical treatment visit.
■ 30 million times the same point contact can still be used.
■ conductive glass substrate for the media.
■ a correction, high stability, and never drift.
Five-wire resistive analog technology to the two directions of the voltage applied to the resistor network by * in that the layer of the metal layer, * and the detected current detection voltage as measured by a method of the touch point, as only the outer layer ITO conductor layer, totaling five cables.
2013年7月11日星期四
LCD Monitor
To the LCD Monitor (including Desktop PC and Laptop PC) and LCD TV this level, inches count has exceeded 700, "there are at least 8.4", 12.1 ", and even the majority in 15", 17 "or more, this level WLED there with PDA / PMP levels were the same degree of light problem, and the ratio is even more serious when the number of small and medium-inch, while the price derived from the heat problem and the problem to be solved.TFT Display
Module
First explain heat problem, it is a large-size LCD backlight, due to the low flat space in the clouds a lot of WLED, WLED will not easily dissipate the heat, which is kind of CCFL cold light does not have the problem, and must be light are all taken into account and heat two, but not feasible due to heat unevenly luminosity. In addition, there are industry (eg Sony) overcame WLED backlight thermal problems, and then launch the actual production of LCD TV products, but the first to overcome the industry will also cooling technology patent, so that other operators is difficult to follow up, and let inch WLED backlight for large number of products hinder the progress.
Followed by the price, the current unit cost of WLED technology is still high due to phosphor patents, according to estimates of the number in the same big-inch backlit demand, the cost will be using WLED CCFL five times, and therefore at this stage Sony, Samsung and other industry although the actual volume production launch WLED backlit LCD TV, but all appeals in the high-price, high-quality article. WLED backlight so the price is hard to spread the high number of applications an inch big reason, although the number of small and medium-inch spread applications have the same problem, but not as good as the number of big-inch camel obvious.character oled
First explain heat problem, it is a large-size LCD backlight, due to the low flat space in the clouds a lot of WLED, WLED will not easily dissipate the heat, which is kind of CCFL cold light does not have the problem, and must be light are all taken into account and heat two, but not feasible due to heat unevenly luminosity. In addition, there are industry (eg Sony) overcame WLED backlight thermal problems, and then launch the actual production of LCD TV products, but the first to overcome the industry will also cooling technology patent, so that other operators is difficult to follow up, and let inch WLED backlight for large number of products hinder the progress.
Followed by the price, the current unit cost of WLED technology is still high due to phosphor patents, according to estimates of the number in the same big-inch backlit demand, the cost will be using WLED CCFL five times, and therefore at this stage Sony, Samsung and other industry although the actual volume production launch WLED backlit LCD TV, but all appeals in the high-price, high-quality article. WLED backlight so the price is hard to spread the high number of applications an inch big reason, although the number of small and medium-inch spread applications have the same problem, but not as good as the number of big-inch camel obvious.character oled
White light-emitting diode backlight design art of war
White light-emitting diode (White Light-Emitting Diode; WLED, often written as: White LED) emerges, the LED lights can only be used to get rid of the last number, neon ornaments and other occasions, began to electronic lighting into the field, including the automotive direction assist lamp, elementary digital camera flash, etc. have been able to replace the WLED, what is more, the industry will have the WLED die area increased manufacturing, from 2 × 2mm increase to 5 × 5mm, enhance its luminescence so WLED also be used in the car on the main lamps, can only be considered for approval by the market.
In addition, WLED also a popular application, that is to serve as the LCD backlight to replace the previous CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp; CCFL). However, at this stage will be used WLED backlight has its benefits also has its victims, how to take benefits Nourishing, will be of concern to designers of electronic engineering.
Generally, mobile phones, digital cameras (preview window) and other attachment devices are among a small LCD display size, such as 2.2 ", 2.5", etc., and some clamshell phone also has sub-display, sub-display over Main screen much smaller, about more in the 1.2 "or so, the number of these small inch WLED LCD if using as its backlight, simply will 36 WLED (depending on the screen using the number of pieces depending on the size) can be series-parallel implementation.
WLED addition to doing mobile phones, digital camera's LCD backlight can also have other outside use, such as today's phones in the button will glow in the dark for the convenience of users dialing (keypad backlight), or call the antenna area will glow tips These are also available WLED, with another entry-level digital cameras or camera phones, have begun to act with WLED flash (about 14), so in a single device to use more pieces of WLED, components and consistent increase in the amount of in the design and manufacture of benefits on both the supply schedule.
Although a small number of the LCD backlight inch simply and string, WLED arrangement 36 can, but further two questions: 1. If the same type of device has WLED flash, the flash light to a higher drive current than even need to have pre-flash (red-eye reduction). (2) the brightness of the backlight is not static, sometimes thoughtful design energy-saving mode, the power-saving mode automatically reduces the backlight brightness, or allow users to adjust brightness. So WLED backlight driver circuit can not simply On / Off design, you must also have a moderating drive current (thereby changing WLED brightness) the ability, and the increasing number of camera phones, digital cameras use flash WLED chance of getting type high, so the designers have to design two groups WLED driver circuit, a group for WLED backlight, a group for WLED flash, while two groups should have the ability to adjust the brightness.Graphic LCD Module
Since this type of design needs more and more, so many analog IC, power management IC industry have proposed solutions, namely WLED driver IC (English called: White LED Driver), driver IC can simultaneously control WLED backlight with WLED flash , including the On / Off light off control, brightness control, multi-stage, in which the brightness control as long as you can change the amount of current flowing through the WLED large flow is high brightness, flow rate is low brightness, change the way mineable voltage adjustment method or PWM (Pulse Wide Modulation; PWM) method.
The so-called voltage adjustment method is to change the WLED drive voltage, high voltage electric current flows through the WLED will increase, thereby brightening, or vice versa, then the voltage adjustment method to control the amount of current is not fine, slight change in voltage on the cause significant changes in the amount of current, unless you use very fine voltage adjustment circuit, but also make the cost and therefore the circuit complexity (volume) increased significantly. The PWM method is to change the relative WLED winking duty cycle (Duty Cycle), with WLED conduction (lighted driving) period percentage frequency to control the brightness, not only can fine adjust and the cost, complexity, are lower today WLED drivers IC widespread adoption of this method is to adjust the brightness.lcm module
In addition, WLED also a popular application, that is to serve as the LCD backlight to replace the previous CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp; CCFL). However, at this stage will be used WLED backlight has its benefits also has its victims, how to take benefits Nourishing, will be of concern to designers of electronic engineering.
Generally, mobile phones, digital cameras (preview window) and other attachment devices are among a small LCD display size, such as 2.2 ", 2.5", etc., and some clamshell phone also has sub-display, sub-display over Main screen much smaller, about more in the 1.2 "or so, the number of these small inch WLED LCD if using as its backlight, simply will 36 WLED (depending on the screen using the number of pieces depending on the size) can be series-parallel implementation.
WLED addition to doing mobile phones, digital camera's LCD backlight can also have other outside use, such as today's phones in the button will glow in the dark for the convenience of users dialing (keypad backlight), or call the antenna area will glow tips These are also available WLED, with another entry-level digital cameras or camera phones, have begun to act with WLED flash (about 14), so in a single device to use more pieces of WLED, components and consistent increase in the amount of in the design and manufacture of benefits on both the supply schedule.
Although a small number of the LCD backlight inch simply and string, WLED arrangement 36 can, but further two questions: 1. If the same type of device has WLED flash, the flash light to a higher drive current than even need to have pre-flash (red-eye reduction). (2) the brightness of the backlight is not static, sometimes thoughtful design energy-saving mode, the power-saving mode automatically reduces the backlight brightness, or allow users to adjust brightness. So WLED backlight driver circuit can not simply On / Off design, you must also have a moderating drive current (thereby changing WLED brightness) the ability, and the increasing number of camera phones, digital cameras use flash WLED chance of getting type high, so the designers have to design two groups WLED driver circuit, a group for WLED backlight, a group for WLED flash, while two groups should have the ability to adjust the brightness.Graphic LCD Module
Since this type of design needs more and more, so many analog IC, power management IC industry have proposed solutions, namely WLED driver IC (English called: White LED Driver), driver IC can simultaneously control WLED backlight with WLED flash , including the On / Off light off control, brightness control, multi-stage, in which the brightness control as long as you can change the amount of current flowing through the WLED large flow is high brightness, flow rate is low brightness, change the way mineable voltage adjustment method or PWM (Pulse Wide Modulation; PWM) method.
The so-called voltage adjustment method is to change the WLED drive voltage, high voltage electric current flows through the WLED will increase, thereby brightening, or vice versa, then the voltage adjustment method to control the amount of current is not fine, slight change in voltage on the cause significant changes in the amount of current, unless you use very fine voltage adjustment circuit, but also make the cost and therefore the circuit complexity (volume) increased significantly. The PWM method is to change the relative WLED winking duty cycle (Duty Cycle), with WLED conduction (lighted driving) period percentage frequency to control the brightness, not only can fine adjust and the cost, complexity, are lower today WLED drivers IC widespread adoption of this method is to adjust the brightness.lcm module
2013年7月10日星期三
LED packaging technology
1.LED package task
The outer lead is connected to the electrode of the LED chip, while protecting the LED chip, and play the role of the light-extraction efficiency. Key processes are racking, bonding, encapsulation.Graphic LCD Module
2.LED Package
LED package can be varied, mainly based on different applications using the corresponding dimensions, thermal response and the light effect. Classification according to package LED Lamp-LED, TOP-LED, Side-LED, SMD-LED, High-Power-LED and so on.graphic lcd modules
LED production process
1 process:
a) Cleaning: Ultrasonic cleaning PCB or LED bracket, and drying.
b) mountings: the LED die (wafer) on a silver plastic bottom electrode prepared after expansion, the expansion after the die (wafer) placed in the thorn crystal table under the microscope with a thorn crystal pen will die one a stent mounted on a PCB or LED corresponding pads, followed by sintering silver adhesive curing.
c) pressure welding: welding with aluminum or gold electrodes are connected to the LED die, and for current injection leads. LED mounted directly on the PCB, the general use of aluminum wire welder. (TOP-LED needs to make white gold wire bonder)Character LCD Module
d) Package: By dispensing with epoxy the LED die and wire protected. Dispensing the PCB, the shape of the cured gel, there are strict requirements, which is directly related to the backlight brightness of the finished product. This process will also assume point phosphor (white LED) task.
e) Welding: If the backlight is the use of SMD-LED or other encapsulated LED, in the assembly process, you need the LED soldered to the PCB board.
f) cutting film: punch die backlight required various diffusion film, reflective film.
g) Assembly: According to the requirements of the drawings, the backlight of the various materials manually install the correct position.
h) Test: Check the backlight optical parameters and light uniformity is good.
Packing: according to requirements of the finished packaging, warehousing.TFT LCD Display
LCD backlighting
In the liquid crystal display, at least 10% with active light for backlighting LCD display allows light to read and write in a black environment. Compared with other light sources, LED LCD backlighting in the most competitive, bright InGaAIP with the GaN-based LED can provide high luminous efficiency and a wide range of colors. In particular, the device can work under a small current, thus significantly reducing power consumption. Using LED as backlight LCD display can be used in mobile phones, notebook computers. With a small LCD monitor in power-saving communications products in widespread use, will be on high brightness LED, higher demands.OLED Module
Large screen display
High brightness large screen display is a huge market for LED applications, including graphics, text, digital monochrome, two-color and full color display, have been widely used in squares, streets, railway stations, airports, roads and other public places, or for education publicity, advertising or tips, colorful images of their activities, lifelike and vivid. Almost all of the current high-quality large-screen pixel are InGaAIP and DaN blue-green LED tube, the three primary colors can provide a very realistic full-color image. Its performance is in line with the National Television System Committee (NTSC) color range specified in television, usually a few meters of the big screen to consume several one million bright LED tube, showing the amount of the big.Character LCD Modules
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