Nowadays the most common polarizing film is Rand H invention, the sheet 1938 years , which was prepared as follows : First, the chemical activity of a soft rich transparent plastic plate ( usually PVA) immersed in I2 / KI aqueous solution , several within seconds, a lot of iodine ion diffusion penetrate the inner PVA, micro-heat by manual or mechanical stretching until multiple lengths , PVA panels also become narrow and variable-length thin , PVA molecules originally irregularity at any angle distribution , after the tensile force uniformly gradually deflected in the direction of force ,Lcd display module attached to the PVA with the iodide ions with directional, iodide ions to form a long chain . As iodine ions have a good bias effect , it can absorb the light beam parallel to the arrangement direction of the electric field component so that only the vertical direction by the electric field component of the beam , the principle can be manufactured using such a polarizing film .
Type polarizing film used today
Polarizing a wide range of applications , not only can use the LCD as a polarizing material can be used for sunglasses , anti-glare goggles, photographic equipment of the filter , mini lcd
module auto headlight glare treatment and the amount of light regulator, there are other polarizing microscope with glasses with special medical
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2013年8月28日星期三
Generally the more common types of polarizers There are several kinds of
( 1 ) Reflective
When the light is dipped into the glass surface, the reflected light will be partially polarized . OLED Display Module Continuous use of multi-layer glass reflection effect can be non- polarized light into linearly polarized light .
( 2 ) type of complex refractive
The two calcite crystal bonding , the incident light will be broken down into two polarized , known usually light and very light .
( 3 ) two color microcrystalline
Having dichroic absorption tiny crystals are regularly arranged on the transparent sheet , which is an artificial method of the first polarizing film made .
( 4 ) -type polymer dichroism
Good use of translucent polymer film to be directed to the membrane molecules , and then adsorbed with a dichroic substance, this is the main method of the polarizing film produced today . Such an absorption-type polarizer is a film (Film) or a plate (Plate or Sheet) form,20x4 lcd therefore , commonly referred to as a polarizing film (Polarizing Film) or polarizing plate (Polarizing Plate or Sheet). English is more popular on another call is Polarizing Filter.
When the light is dipped into the glass surface, the reflected light will be partially polarized . OLED Display Module Continuous use of multi-layer glass reflection effect can be non- polarized light into linearly polarized light .
( 2 ) type of complex refractive
The two calcite crystal bonding , the incident light will be broken down into two polarized , known usually light and very light .
( 3 ) two color microcrystalline
Having dichroic absorption tiny crystals are regularly arranged on the transparent sheet , which is an artificial method of the first polarizing film made .
( 4 ) -type polymer dichroism
Good use of translucent polymer film to be directed to the membrane molecules , and then adsorbed with a dichroic substance, this is the main method of the polarizing film produced today . Such an absorption-type polarizer is a film (Film) or a plate (Plate or Sheet) form,20x4 lcd therefore , commonly referred to as a polarizing film (Polarizing Film) or polarizing plate (Polarizing Plate or Sheet). English is more popular on another call is Polarizing Filter.
2013年8月27日星期二
HTPS LCD panel characteristics
HTPS LCD with small size, high resolution, high transmittance, etc., it is particularly suitable for use as a three-in transmissive COG LCD Display projectors. The use of three HTPS LCD transmissive-type liquid crystal projector, with the three characteristics, providing viewers bright, pastel and color correct natural visual experience.
Natural color (Natural Images)
Three-in LCD projection system can accurately control the R, G, B three-color image of the pixels and form, so you can make the picture more natural and vivid.
Comfortable visual (Gentle on the Eyes)
Fast moving images and color separation image will not appear the phenomenon, such as the phenomenon of the rainbow (rainbow effect) and so on.
Sufficient brightness (Bright Images)
As HTPS Lcd display module projection adopted three full-time shade so its light efficiency is very high, the user can watch bright and clear images.
Natural color (Natural Images)
Three-in LCD projection system can accurately control the R, G, B three-color image of the pixels and form, so you can make the picture more natural and vivid.
Comfortable visual (Gentle on the Eyes)
Fast moving images and color separation image will not appear the phenomenon, such as the phenomenon of the rainbow (rainbow effect) and so on.
Sufficient brightness (Bright Images)
As HTPS Lcd display module projection adopted three full-time shade so its light efficiency is very high, the user can watch bright and clear images.
What HTPS?
HTPS High Temperature Poly-Silicon is an abbreviation, translated into Chinese as "high-temperature polysilicon" means, generally known as high-temperature glass. It is a family of LCD display, are active dot matrix LCD (Active Matrix LCD), therefore, HTPS is TFT (Thin Film Transistor; thin film transistor) a.
HTPS LCD polysilicon TFT lcd module manufacturing process technologies. Is known as high temperature glass, because of the manufacturing process of the panel, there is a Laser Anneal (laser annealing) process, its temperature exceeds 1000 degrees Celsius. In the early development of the polysilicon manufacturing process, as to the amorphous structure of the glass substrate into a polysilicon structure must be above 1000 degrees Celsius temperature oxidation technology to the structural properties of amorphous silicon into polycrystalline structure. Since ordinary glass can not handle such a high temperature, only quartz glass can be so treated, and its price is more expensive and sizes are smaller, so the early stages of development in the polysilicon manufacturing process, manufacturers based on cost considerations, going more amorphous route.
In addition, there is the same part of TFT LCD LTPS LCD (Low Temperature Poly-Silicon; low-temperature polysilicon). LTPS LCD is called hypothermia, due to its processing temperature is not so high, only about 500 to 600 degrees Celsius of the spectrum, and in accordance with the manufacturer's processes each slightly different. The use of low-temperature polysilicon process excimer laser as the heat source, the laser light through the projection system, it will produce a uniform distribution of energy of the laser beam projected onto the glass substrate of amorphous silicon structure, when the amorphous structure of the glass substrate, an excimer Ray Absorption energy emitted after a polysilicon structure will change, because the entire process is completed at a temperature below 600 degrees, it is generally a glass substrate can be applied. Low-temperature polysilicon LCD technology is mainly characterized by structural changes to improve the performance of conventional amorphous silicon OLED Moduletechnology and lower manufacturing costs. As LTPS technology can enhance the electron mobility rate 200 (cm2/V-sec), is conducive TFT component miniaturization, and improved aperture ratio of the panel so that the display brightness increases and lower power consumption. In addition, low-temperature Cheng Youli in a glass substrate, which can significantly reduce production costs. HTPS with LTPS its main purpose is not the same.
HTPS LCD polysilicon TFT lcd module manufacturing process technologies. Is known as high temperature glass, because of the manufacturing process of the panel, there is a Laser Anneal (laser annealing) process, its temperature exceeds 1000 degrees Celsius. In the early development of the polysilicon manufacturing process, as to the amorphous structure of the glass substrate into a polysilicon structure must be above 1000 degrees Celsius temperature oxidation technology to the structural properties of amorphous silicon into polycrystalline structure. Since ordinary glass can not handle such a high temperature, only quartz glass can be so treated, and its price is more expensive and sizes are smaller, so the early stages of development in the polysilicon manufacturing process, manufacturers based on cost considerations, going more amorphous route.
In addition, there is the same part of TFT LCD LTPS LCD (Low Temperature Poly-Silicon; low-temperature polysilicon). LTPS LCD is called hypothermia, due to its processing temperature is not so high, only about 500 to 600 degrees Celsius of the spectrum, and in accordance with the manufacturer's processes each slightly different. The use of low-temperature polysilicon process excimer laser as the heat source, the laser light through the projection system, it will produce a uniform distribution of energy of the laser beam projected onto the glass substrate of amorphous silicon structure, when the amorphous structure of the glass substrate, an excimer Ray Absorption energy emitted after a polysilicon structure will change, because the entire process is completed at a temperature below 600 degrees, it is generally a glass substrate can be applied. Low-temperature polysilicon LCD technology is mainly characterized by structural changes to improve the performance of conventional amorphous silicon OLED Moduletechnology and lower manufacturing costs. As LTPS technology can enhance the electron mobility rate 200 (cm2/V-sec), is conducive TFT component miniaturization, and improved aperture ratio of the panel so that the display brightness increases and lower power consumption. In addition, low-temperature Cheng Youli in a glass substrate, which can significantly reduce production costs. HTPS with LTPS its main purpose is not the same.
2013年8月26日星期一
Plasma mark
Plasma display works primarily through a large amount of power to activate each of the tiny gas-filled pixels (used in normal circumstances, usually a 50-inch monitor can consume 500 watts of power).Graphic LCD
Display The release of high voltage electrical energy for each pixel phosphor to emit light and produce images where the source.
However, so far, there is no way to make this process a low voltage release process. For plasma manufacturers, if the monitor is working at a higher intensity, luminescence properties of phosphorus reduction will soon fade. Static images (typically text) promote faster aging of phosphorus, the plasma display even in case of power cut off, still leave a shadow on the screen.
Despite the stigma problem is not very long, but now a lot of plasma monitors and televisions use a different gas mixtures (more xenon, less nitrogen) as well as improved pixel shapes to produce in the case of lower power consumption and more much light. You might see from the sales description of plasma life of up to 60,000 hours, and in fact, 19264 lcd even if you lose a conservative 30,000 hours, you will still find, and not so long that they touted. You still need to avoid prolonged plasma display high brightness display a static image.
However, so far, there is no way to make this process a low voltage release process. For plasma manufacturers, if the monitor is working at a higher intensity, luminescence properties of phosphorus reduction will soon fade. Static images (typically text) promote faster aging of phosphorus, the plasma display even in case of power cut off, still leave a shadow on the screen.
Despite the stigma problem is not very long, but now a lot of plasma monitors and televisions use a different gas mixtures (more xenon, less nitrogen) as well as improved pixel shapes to produce in the case of lower power consumption and more much light. You might see from the sales description of plasma life of up to 60,000 hours, and in fact, 19264 lcd even if you lose a conservative 30,000 hours, you will still find, and not so long that they touted. You still need to avoid prolonged plasma display high brightness display a static image.
2013年8月25日星期日
The LCD module to change the requirements of the inverter
In a surface light source using the CCFL backlight 18-inch standard flat panel display (FPD), the display logic circuits and DC / AC inverter may require 10W and 55W, respectively, of power. In total power of 65W, only a very small portion is converted into light, the majority of it is converted into heat.
A multi-lamp light back have severe thermal scattering, so that the optical efficiency is very low. As FPD components made of thin, so more than 50W of heat had a relatively small space dissipated.
In order to achieve optimal thermal management, display enclosure must have suitable ventilation measures. Moreover, COG LCD Module all of the components comprising: a housing, CCFL, monitor and inverter, must display case for the actual operating temperature (up to 150 ° F) for the design and requirements. Ideal for today's multi-lamp inverter for FPD able to provide about 90% efficiency,Character LCD Module and a direct connection with the display, low power consumption, no flickering 0 ~ 100% brightness control, up to 60W of output power, integrated input and output connectors.
A multi-lamp light back have severe thermal scattering, so that the optical efficiency is very low. As FPD components made of thin, so more than 50W of heat had a relatively small space dissipated.
In order to achieve optimal thermal management, display enclosure must have suitable ventilation measures. Moreover, COG LCD Module all of the components comprising: a housing, CCFL, monitor and inverter, must display case for the actual operating temperature (up to 150 ° F) for the design and requirements. Ideal for today's multi-lamp inverter for FPD able to provide about 90% efficiency,Character LCD Module and a direct connection with the display, low power consumption, no flickering 0 ~ 100% brightness control, up to 60W of output power, integrated input and output connectors.
2013年8月24日星期六
Optional projector open competitions
Projector is an important business to do a presentation tool, how to buy a size beautiful, functional and practical, simple, clear screen, projector repair fast species, has become the biggest problem corporate procurement, the following will provide a few reviews than the purchase of the projector as a business reference.
LCD is a liquid crystal display technology and projection technologies, adopted three separate imaging shade, projection screen, more vivid color saturation, but the response time slower than DLP, single Lcd display module life of about 2000 hours, maintenance costs are high, a large projection screen , tend to have a pane phenomenon.
Commercial type high brightness requirements
Commercial projector brightness requirements for household models than high, the higher the number of lumens presentation environment can also represent the brighter, and the recent launch of the new models in the basic brightness reached 2000 lumens. The higher the brightness choice is not made an appointment, you should carefully evaluate the use of space and light conditions, general small meeting room of 30 people in a situation does not turn on the lights, 2500 lumens of the aircraft to provide modest projection screen.
High contrast legible
Contrast refers to a picture of the brightest and darkest areas luminance contrast, the higher the contrast to display more rich colors, the font will be projected sharp, and DLP models technical differences in the panel, a minimum has 1000:1 or more, while the lcm module was between 400:1 to 800:1, but the small meeting room contrast ratio of 400:1 to about requirements.
Note that the ease of operation
The new high-end projectors have added many new features, such as a wireless network or memory card slot presentations and other functions, to be noted that the actual operation time of purchase convenience and efficiency, such as Wi-Fi models, although VGA cable eliminates the inconvenience of installing But is an extra special online software installation, or when operating across different computers back online setting, are required included in the assessment.
Maintenance note if fast
As long as the machines are likely to fail, how to get the most real-time service and low maintenance costs but also business models in the purchase must be measurable, now mostly brand products have a 3 year full warranty service, and an alternate machine services, and even lamp life warranty, highlights warranty and on-site repair and other services.
LCD is a liquid crystal display technology and projection technologies, adopted three separate imaging shade, projection screen, more vivid color saturation, but the response time slower than DLP, single Lcd display module life of about 2000 hours, maintenance costs are high, a large projection screen , tend to have a pane phenomenon.
Commercial type high brightness requirements
Commercial projector brightness requirements for household models than high, the higher the number of lumens presentation environment can also represent the brighter, and the recent launch of the new models in the basic brightness reached 2000 lumens. The higher the brightness choice is not made an appointment, you should carefully evaluate the use of space and light conditions, general small meeting room of 30 people in a situation does not turn on the lights, 2500 lumens of the aircraft to provide modest projection screen.
High contrast legible
Contrast refers to a picture of the brightest and darkest areas luminance contrast, the higher the contrast to display more rich colors, the font will be projected sharp, and DLP models technical differences in the panel, a minimum has 1000:1 or more, while the lcm module was between 400:1 to 800:1, but the small meeting room contrast ratio of 400:1 to about requirements.
Note that the ease of operation
The new high-end projectors have added many new features, such as a wireless network or memory card slot presentations and other functions, to be noted that the actual operation time of purchase convenience and efficiency, such as Wi-Fi models, although VGA cable eliminates the inconvenience of installing But is an extra special online software installation, or when operating across different computers back online setting, are required included in the assessment.
Maintenance note if fast
As long as the machines are likely to fail, how to get the most real-time service and low maintenance costs but also business models in the purchase must be measurable, now mostly brand products have a 3 year full warranty service, and an alternate machine services, and even lamp life warranty, highlights warranty and on-site repair and other services.
2013年8月23日星期五
Active matrix LCD works
TFT-LCD liquid crystal display structure and TN-LCD liquid crystal display is basically the same, except that the TN-LCD on the mezzanine of the electrode to FET transistor, and the lower mezzanine to the common electrode.
TFT-LCD liquid crystal display works with the TN-LCD there are many differences. TFT-LCD lcd module imaging principle is the use of "back through the style" illumination mode. When the light source, first revealed upward through the lower polarizer, the light transmission through the liquid crystal molecules. Since the upper and lower electrodes sandwich electrode and a common electrode into FET, the FET conduction electrode, the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules will also change, but also to achieve through the shielding and light transmitting display purposes. But the difference is due to a capacitive effect transistor FET, lcm module the potential state can be maintained, the previous transmission of the liquid crystal molecules will remain in this state until the next time the combined power FET electrode change their arrangement so far.
TFT-LCD liquid crystal display works with the TN-LCD there are many differences. TFT-LCD lcd module imaging principle is the use of "back through the style" illumination mode. When the light source, first revealed upward through the lower polarizer, the light transmission through the liquid crystal molecules. Since the upper and lower electrodes sandwich electrode and a common electrode into FET, the FET conduction electrode, the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules will also change, but also to achieve through the shielding and light transmitting display purposes. But the difference is due to a capacitive effect transistor FET, lcm module the potential state can be maintained, the previous transmission of the liquid crystal molecules will remain in this state until the next time the combined power FET electrode change their arrangement so far.
PDP Working in a fully digitized mode
PDP Working in a fully digitized pattern, easy made large screen display, a digital television (DTV), high definition television (HDTV), Computer Engineering Workstation (CEWS) and more coal terminal (MMT) ideal display. Especially in recent years, the color of the PDP has made significant breakthroughs in key technologies, product performance rising and has reached the practical level, industrial production also began to make color PDP technology has ushered in a new stage of development. Color PDP expected future on the big screen wall-mounted TV, computer engineering workstations and multimedia displays and other areas with a huge market prospects. With the digital television (DTV) and high-definition television (HDTV) era, COG LCD
Module will accelerate the process of color PDP, the PDP usher in a huge development opportunities. According to the show experts predict to 2002, the global PDP market will enter a period of rapid development, the 2005 World PDP's market share will be seven times in 1999. Household PDP average annual growth rate of 103%, the proportion of home and commercial PDP will reach 7:3.
Intuitive flat self-luminous display, the current PDP is the most promising for the HDTV display and TV to achieving an important device mount arm. PDP Although long to practical use, but the application is more small-capacity show display. Number of numeric characters displayed in red, white field peak brightness of up to 200cd/m2, wide viewing angle (160 degrees -170 degrees), fast response, the display can be made very large (more than 1.5M 0 diagonal size and cost Lower features, making quite a big screen TV for use in image display.
Especially in the past 20 years, the color PDP research has made great progress, a number of technical difficulties have been resolved from the mechanism. If the original PDP driving voltage is high, TFT LCD Display the driving circuit cost about 75% of the whole. Using the sub-field separation techniques addressed display driving circuit can be reduced costs. Although, compared with the LCD display, PDP driving voltage is still high, the driving circuit expensive, but the display itself be more easily. Such as storage type ACPDP, except phosphor coating required lithography process, the pixels of the fine produce mostly using thick film printing technology, which is an active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) each pixel making a thin film transistor ( TFT) components compared although a lot easier, and therefore relatively high yield, and low cost.
Intuitive flat self-luminous display, the current PDP is the most promising for the HDTV display and TV to achieving an important device mount arm. PDP Although long to practical use, but the application is more small-capacity show display. Number of numeric characters displayed in red, white field peak brightness of up to 200cd/m2, wide viewing angle (160 degrees -170 degrees), fast response, the display can be made very large (more than 1.5M 0 diagonal size and cost Lower features, making quite a big screen TV for use in image display.
Especially in the past 20 years, the color PDP research has made great progress, a number of technical difficulties have been resolved from the mechanism. If the original PDP driving voltage is high, TFT LCD Display the driving circuit cost about 75% of the whole. Using the sub-field separation techniques addressed display driving circuit can be reduced costs. Although, compared with the LCD display, PDP driving voltage is still high, the driving circuit expensive, but the display itself be more easily. Such as storage type ACPDP, except phosphor coating required lithography process, the pixels of the fine produce mostly using thick film printing technology, which is an active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) each pixel making a thin film transistor ( TFT) components compared although a lot easier, and therefore relatively high yield, and low cost.
2013年8月22日星期四
PDP's strengths and weaknesses
PDP belongs to a flat solid display, its small size, light weight, combined with flat package. PDP without the CRT high voltage power supply, in combination with computer access could better digital CRT analog access method is more convenient. As the use of digital technology to control the drive to improve the stability of the PDP color image to meet digital TV, HDTV and more coal terminal display needs. PDP structural integrity, seismic performance, can be quite a wide range of temperature and humidity, and the impact of electromagnetic interference in other harsh environments, PDP robustness, so that in certain aspects of the military and industrial applications than from the CRT more appropriate. Also, because of its small size, OLED Display
Modulelight weight, more suitable for aerospace applications. PDP and CRT ongoing fierce competition, of course, small size, light weight and ruggedness, etc., PDP is superior to CRT. In the small-capacity terms for character display and information display, PDP is more appropriate. But compared with the CRT, PDP is only the first debut, in a number of technical performance is less than the CRT. For hundreds or even thousands of characters, large capacity alphanumeric displays and graphic displays, CRT is more practical, so in this area than CRT PDP to be far ahead. PDP driving circuit is complicated, the operating voltage is high, difficult to integrate, which is a PDP deficiencies. In addition, its high cost has limited the wide application further.
Although the PDP are still some shortcomings, but with the further development of future research, will make continuous improvement of technical performance of the PDP. Currently in lower operating voltage side has made a lot of effort, and has achieved some results. If the PDP screen filled with colored or plain 80V voltage drops can work around. 240x128 lcd Another example is the media minister coated thick 2000-3000a degree of magnesium oxide protective film, can maintain the voltage drops 90V, working life of over 35,000 hours. If coated with a mixture of barium carbonate and thinking, can drive voltage to 60V or so. If the color gray and luminous efficacy, etc. to further improve the cost further down, PDP in some areas may eventually replace CRT. Therefore, PDP in several kinds of flat panel displays are promising. 1980s, PDP has replaced intuitive storage tube. In the exposure display device integration, miniaturization and solid technology aspects, PDP will also play a crucial role. Looking to the future, PDP will eventually open up new fields of application.
Although the PDP are still some shortcomings, but with the further development of future research, will make continuous improvement of technical performance of the PDP. Currently in lower operating voltage side has made a lot of effort, and has achieved some results. If the PDP screen filled with colored or plain 80V voltage drops can work around. 240x128 lcd Another example is the media minister coated thick 2000-3000a degree of magnesium oxide protective film, can maintain the voltage drops 90V, working life of over 35,000 hours. If coated with a mixture of barium carbonate and thinking, can drive voltage to 60V or so. If the color gray and luminous efficacy, etc. to further improve the cost further down, PDP in some areas may eventually replace CRT. Therefore, PDP in several kinds of flat panel displays are promising. 1980s, PDP has replaced intuitive storage tube. In the exposure display device integration, miniaturization and solid technology aspects, PDP will also play a crucial role. Looking to the future, PDP will eventually open up new fields of application.
2013年8月19日星期一
OLED device fabrication crucial step
OLED devices produced include:
ITO / Cr glass cleaning - → lithography - → then wash - → pre-treatment - → vacuum evaporation multilayer organic layer (4-5 layers) - → vacuum evaporation back electrode - → vacuum evaporation protective layer - - → Packaging - → Cutting - → Test - → module assembly - → product testing, aging test and QC sampling process
Cleaning and surface treatment of ITO
ITO as an anode direct impact on the surface condition and the hole injection layer of the organic thin film and the electronic state of the interface between the film-forming organic material. If the dirty surface of ITO, the surface free energy becomes small, resulting in deposition of the hole transport material in the above condensation occurs, the film is uneven. ITO is usually the first surface of the wet processing, i.e. cleaning with detergent and then ethanol, and acetone, ultrasonic cleaning or vapor washing with an organic solvent, after the infrared light drying. Wash the activation treatment of the surface of ITO, increasing the oxygen content of the ITO surface layer in order to improve the work function of the surface of ITO can also ITO surface treatment with hydrogen peroxide, with a ratio of water: hydrogen peroxide: aqueous ammonia = 5:1: After a mixed solution of 1, the Character LCD Display device an order of magnitude increase in brightness. Because hydrogen peroxide causes the surface of ITO to reduce the tin content in excess of the proportion of oxygen increased, the increase in the work function of ITO surface thereby increasing the chance of a hole injection. UV - ozone and plasma surface treatment
Is the production of two methods commonly used in OLED Display Module devices, the main purpose is to:
1. ITO surface to remove organic residues.
2. To promote increased oxidation of the surface of ITO surface work function of ITO.
After degreasing the surface-treated surface of the work function of ITO is about 4.6eV, after UV - ozone or plasma surface-treated surface of the work function of ITO is about 5.0eV or more, the luminous efficiency and the working life will be increased. In the surface treatment of the ITO glass was dried in a vacuum must be in the operating conditions, an ITO glass not treated in air for too long, or ITO glass will lose its activity. The flatness of the substrate of the organic thin film patterns (morphology) is also crucial influence, since the surface roughness of the organic thin film on the surface of the contact patterns have a significant effect, so the insulating layer and the metal-level production of the need to select the production process.
ITO / Cr glass cleaning - → lithography - → then wash - → pre-treatment - → vacuum evaporation multilayer organic layer (4-5 layers) - → vacuum evaporation back electrode - → vacuum evaporation protective layer - - → Packaging - → Cutting - → Test - → module assembly - → product testing, aging test and QC sampling process
Cleaning and surface treatment of ITO
ITO as an anode direct impact on the surface condition and the hole injection layer of the organic thin film and the electronic state of the interface between the film-forming organic material. If the dirty surface of ITO, the surface free energy becomes small, resulting in deposition of the hole transport material in the above condensation occurs, the film is uneven. ITO is usually the first surface of the wet processing, i.e. cleaning with detergent and then ethanol, and acetone, ultrasonic cleaning or vapor washing with an organic solvent, after the infrared light drying. Wash the activation treatment of the surface of ITO, increasing the oxygen content of the ITO surface layer in order to improve the work function of the surface of ITO can also ITO surface treatment with hydrogen peroxide, with a ratio of water: hydrogen peroxide: aqueous ammonia = 5:1: After a mixed solution of 1, the Character LCD Display device an order of magnitude increase in brightness. Because hydrogen peroxide causes the surface of ITO to reduce the tin content in excess of the proportion of oxygen increased, the increase in the work function of ITO surface thereby increasing the chance of a hole injection. UV - ozone and plasma surface treatment
Is the production of two methods commonly used in OLED Display Module devices, the main purpose is to:
1. ITO surface to remove organic residues.
2. To promote increased oxidation of the surface of ITO surface work function of ITO.
After degreasing the surface-treated surface of the work function of ITO is about 4.6eV, after UV - ozone or plasma surface-treated surface of the work function of ITO is about 5.0eV or more, the luminous efficiency and the working life will be increased. In the surface treatment of the ITO glass was dried in a vacuum must be in the operating conditions, an ITO glass not treated in air for too long, or ITO glass will lose its activity. The flatness of the substrate of the organic thin film patterns (morphology) is also crucial influence, since the surface roughness of the organic thin film on the surface of the contact patterns have a significant effect, so the insulating layer and the metal-level production of the need to select the production process.
Epoxy self-leveling floor quality assessment
Currently there are many self-leveling coatings manufacturers and construction engineering company, but in the end self-leveling floor quality differences evident in this application based on our many years of experience in providing some practical engineering experience to our customers and end users to evaluate engineering situations:
Surface Condition: As a highly decorative surface leveling coatings, requires self-leveling with good flatness, and should not have bubbles, debris and other adverse conditions.
Plumpness: In the past, OLED Module many domestic manufacturers are basically self-leveling without this technical indicators, but in Japan and other countries is a basic technical indicators, we usually use reflective indicators to measure the rate of a full degree, we require good curing artesian flat surface reflectivity of 95%, and we are currently on many domestic manufacturers of products for testing showed that the reflectance of less than 85%, resulting in brightness is not high, it is the above-mentioned technical guiding ideology differences due to differences in addition to the above, the fullness bad as the emergence of a self-leveling surface of the egg, "Songhua" floral shapes, facing the light side, you will find the surface layer of fog blurred like oil. Based on our many years of experience in engineering, a relatively quick visual method is to turn the switch case, if plumpness good floor, the top of the fluorescent lamp (commonly known as "fluorescent") pipe in the ground without clear projection of aerodromes phenomenon will occur out of shape; while in the case of poor plumpness, lamp projection images are blurred, distorted.
Hardness: lcd module As floor, requiring the floor surface after curing certain hardness to achieve sufficient resistance to abrasion, self-leveling coating filler will sink after curing the hardness of the ground floor is not too high, generally require floor hardness> 2H, to meet industry requirements.
Surface Condition: As a highly decorative surface leveling coatings, requires self-leveling with good flatness, and should not have bubbles, debris and other adverse conditions.
Plumpness: In the past, OLED Module many domestic manufacturers are basically self-leveling without this technical indicators, but in Japan and other countries is a basic technical indicators, we usually use reflective indicators to measure the rate of a full degree, we require good curing artesian flat surface reflectivity of 95%, and we are currently on many domestic manufacturers of products for testing showed that the reflectance of less than 85%, resulting in brightness is not high, it is the above-mentioned technical guiding ideology differences due to differences in addition to the above, the fullness bad as the emergence of a self-leveling surface of the egg, "Songhua" floral shapes, facing the light side, you will find the surface layer of fog blurred like oil. Based on our many years of experience in engineering, a relatively quick visual method is to turn the switch case, if plumpness good floor, the top of the fluorescent lamp (commonly known as "fluorescent") pipe in the ground without clear projection of aerodromes phenomenon will occur out of shape; while in the case of poor plumpness, lamp projection images are blurred, distorted.
Hardness: lcd module As floor, requiring the floor surface after curing certain hardness to achieve sufficient resistance to abrasion, self-leveling coating filler will sink after curing the hardness of the ground floor is not too high, generally require floor hardness> 2H, to meet industry requirements.
2013年8月18日星期日
Anti-static floor coatings Construction Discussion
In order to make the resin flooring materials play the best strength and durability, concrete floor must have the following conditions in order to paint the floor after completion of construction coating to prevent cracking or peeling;
1, at 20 ℃ environment,COG LCD Module the concrete floor to be maintained more than 28 days, PH value 7 ~ 9 or less;
2, concrete floor during maintenance, you should avoid using UV resin maintenance dose series or maintenance agent series;
3, the lower concrete floor should ensure good waterproof layer;
4, can not use dry cement concrete surface pressure light, graphic oled module the surface roughness of the fine is equivalent to 10μm;
5, the concrete surface can be various types of oil pollution;
6, the concrete floor is not free hub phenomenon;
7, the compressive strength 25Mpa or more, a tensile strength above 2Mpa;
8, the concrete floor in a depth of 50 mm, the water content of less than 8%;
1, at 20 ℃ environment,COG LCD Module the concrete floor to be maintained more than 28 days, PH value 7 ~ 9 or less;
2, concrete floor during maintenance, you should avoid using UV resin maintenance dose series or maintenance agent series;
3, the lower concrete floor should ensure good waterproof layer;
4, can not use dry cement concrete surface pressure light, graphic oled module the surface roughness of the fine is equivalent to 10μm;
5, the concrete surface can be various types of oil pollution;
6, the concrete floor is not free hub phenomenon;
7, the compressive strength 25Mpa or more, a tensile strength above 2Mpa;
8, the concrete floor in a depth of 50 mm, the water content of less than 8%;
Filter is not versatile
Filter can capture particles in any form, including droplets. Filter material is soft, was porous, somewhat silencer effect. Filters for airflow resistance, there are some current sharing function.
However, no time can holds filter when retaining plate, not when the muffler, nor when the windshield.
Filter with water, the above mixed with water to form a slurry fouling. If the filter material is dense paper or cloth, filter mud paste will soon be dead. For comparison fluffy filter materials, water, the group has captured dust may vary with water droplets into the downwind end of the filter, and then a dry, dust will be re-filled. Sometimes, the filter will not severe enough to drip with water level, but enough to filter trace moisture on the windward side of the dust transported to the leeward side, filters dried, dusts have re-scattering risks.
Test was done on the bag filter dust spray concurrency, filter resistance is not increased. Resistance is unchanged, TFT LCD Display indicating no retain dust, which went? Of course, with the water ran.
Filters are filth of the place, conducive to microbial growth moist, other fungi Fortunately, that encounter "Legionella" (35 ℃, humidity, air conditioning systems), big trouble.
Is to deal with dust filter, although some sound absorption effect, but you can not use assessment methods to investigate the muffler filter. If the user requires muffler or silencer honestly use of specialized equipment, not fought filter idea.
In particular, for large gas turbines and centrifugal compressor inlet filter, replace the filter element may not shut down, if there is no specific silencer, filter indoor work environment will be very bad, the operator would not careful operation .
In addition, you can not use the windshield took filter. Not so strong steel filter, in reality, 128x64 oled there had been a lot of trouble because of the windshield or design errors, and let the fan blowing straight filter, causing the filter examples of non-normal damage. Any time, any form of filters, you can not get it done with a wind deflector.
Important filters only deal with dust, it is not versatile obligation, nor versatile ability.
However, no time can holds filter when retaining plate, not when the muffler, nor when the windshield.
Filter with water, the above mixed with water to form a slurry fouling. If the filter material is dense paper or cloth, filter mud paste will soon be dead. For comparison fluffy filter materials, water, the group has captured dust may vary with water droplets into the downwind end of the filter, and then a dry, dust will be re-filled. Sometimes, the filter will not severe enough to drip with water level, but enough to filter trace moisture on the windward side of the dust transported to the leeward side, filters dried, dusts have re-scattering risks.
Test was done on the bag filter dust spray concurrency, filter resistance is not increased. Resistance is unchanged, TFT LCD Display indicating no retain dust, which went? Of course, with the water ran.
Filters are filth of the place, conducive to microbial growth moist, other fungi Fortunately, that encounter "Legionella" (35 ℃, humidity, air conditioning systems), big trouble.
Is to deal with dust filter, although some sound absorption effect, but you can not use assessment methods to investigate the muffler filter. If the user requires muffler or silencer honestly use of specialized equipment, not fought filter idea.
In particular, for large gas turbines and centrifugal compressor inlet filter, replace the filter element may not shut down, if there is no specific silencer, filter indoor work environment will be very bad, the operator would not careful operation .
In addition, you can not use the windshield took filter. Not so strong steel filter, in reality, 128x64 oled there had been a lot of trouble because of the windshield or design errors, and let the fan blowing straight filter, causing the filter examples of non-normal damage. Any time, any form of filters, you can not get it done with a wind deflector.
Important filters only deal with dust, it is not versatile obligation, nor versatile ability.
2013年8月17日星期六
Optional Cleanroom Wipers basic conditions
Optional Cleanroom Wipers basic conditions (for reference only)
Fabric options:
1 code weight: the same kind of fabric is the same code weight
(2) the type and quality of yarn: Microfiber most advanced, followed by cotton, Polyester poor
3 softness: the softer the better
4 anti-wear intensity: Character LCD Modules the stronger the more can not afford to scrap yarn
5 fabric structure microscope can magnify images to see the cloth at least 100 times the surface structure
Edge mode:
A laser cutting: the best and highest technology
2 ultrasonic or pressure side: second
3 cold cut, heat cut: poor
Quality test: whether a certification unit inspection reports?
1 ion content: to be lower than the reference values refer to SGS report
(2) Water absorption: the higher the better
3 Wipe resistance: the stronger the better
4 fallout amount: the lower the better
Certification Unit: whether the credible certification unit? Such as (SGS)
Product Grade:lcm module Class1 ~ 1,000 different prices
Packing:
1 Quantity: quantity per package or carton
(2) Bulk: prices are low stacking
3 stacked: prices are high bulk
4 Clean double vacuum packing: Class1 ~ 100 need for double packaging
Fabric options:
1 code weight: the same kind of fabric is the same code weight
(2) the type and quality of yarn: Microfiber most advanced, followed by cotton, Polyester poor
3 softness: the softer the better
4 anti-wear intensity: Character LCD Modules the stronger the more can not afford to scrap yarn
5 fabric structure microscope can magnify images to see the cloth at least 100 times the surface structure
Edge mode:
A laser cutting: the best and highest technology
2 ultrasonic or pressure side: second
3 cold cut, heat cut: poor
Quality test: whether a certification unit inspection reports?
1 ion content: to be lower than the reference values refer to SGS report
(2) Water absorption: the higher the better
3 Wipe resistance: the stronger the better
4 fallout amount: the lower the better
Certification Unit: whether the credible certification unit? Such as (SGS)
Product Grade:lcm module Class1 ~ 1,000 different prices
Packing:
1 Quantity: quantity per package or carton
(2) Bulk: prices are low stacking
3 stacked: prices are high bulk
4 Clean double vacuum packing: Class1 ~ 100 need for double packaging
Microfiber Features
A long life, super absorbent (imitation silk), when used without causing surface wear.
(2) less dust,Coding System lcd module less ion release, wiping cloth is better than 10 times higher than normal.
3 using four sides Laser Edge, unlike the general heat sealing, ultrasonic sealing of cloth, color lcd display module wipe off the dust and fibers than normal heat sealing, ultrasonic sealing of cloth less.
(2) less dust,Coding System lcd module less ion release, wiping cloth is better than 10 times higher than normal.
3 using four sides Laser Edge, unlike the general heat sealing, ultrasonic sealing of cloth, color lcd display module wipe off the dust and fibers than normal heat sealing, ultrasonic sealing of cloth less.
2013年8月15日星期四
Clean air conditioning systems engineering construction quality and acceptance
First, the installation
1 air duct and accessories production
General provisions:
Divided by the working pressure to the duct system can be divided into three levels:
Low pressure system p ≤ 500Pa
Medium pressure system 500 <p ≤ 1500Pa
High pressure system p> 1500Pa
Pressure levels according to different classifications, duct materials, production and acceptance have different requirements.
Clean air duct system in the cleanliness of 6 to 9 of the system, belonging to medium pressure systems, OLED Display should be performed in the duct pressure system requirements, but for 1 to 5 clean air duct system should perform high-pressure system the wind tube requirements.
(2) the thickness of the metal duct
Master project:
Metal duct variety of materials, properties and thickness specifications should meet the design requirements and current national product standards.
3 air duct and air conditioning system parts made of metal duct production should meet the following requirements:
Master project:
1) Do not use cleaning sheet materials are hazardous to humans and cleaning agents; galvanized steel duct cleaning zinc coating shall not have serious damage phenomena,40x2 lcd such as surface white, zinc powder and so on.
2) the production of curved rectangular duct, generally should be used as a radius of curvature of the inner and outer concentric curved planar long elbow.
1 air duct and accessories production
General provisions:
Divided by the working pressure to the duct system can be divided into three levels:
Low pressure system p ≤ 500Pa
Medium pressure system 500 <p ≤ 1500Pa
High pressure system p> 1500Pa
Pressure levels according to different classifications, duct materials, production and acceptance have different requirements.
Clean air duct system in the cleanliness of 6 to 9 of the system, belonging to medium pressure systems, OLED Display should be performed in the duct pressure system requirements, but for 1 to 5 clean air duct system should perform high-pressure system the wind tube requirements.
(2) the thickness of the metal duct
Master project:
Metal duct variety of materials, properties and thickness specifications should meet the design requirements and current national product standards.
3 air duct and air conditioning system parts made of metal duct production should meet the following requirements:
Master project:
1) Do not use cleaning sheet materials are hazardous to humans and cleaning agents; galvanized steel duct cleaning zinc coating shall not have serious damage phenomena,40x2 lcd such as surface white, zinc powder and so on.
2) the production of curved rectangular duct, generally should be used as a radius of curvature of the inner and outer concentric curved planar long elbow.
PCB design guidelines for ESD suppression
PCB layout is a key element of ESD protection, rational PCB design can reduce the failure inspection and rework caused by unnecessary costs. In the PCB design, the use of transient voltage suppression device (TVS) diodes to suppress ESD discharge due to the direct charge injection, so the more important PCB design is to overcome the discharge current generated by electromagnetic interference (EMI) effects of electromagnetic fields.
Circuit loop
Current into the circuit by sensing loop, the loop is closed, and has a changing magnetic flux. Current amplitude is proportional to the area of the ring. Larger loop contains more magnetic flux induced in the circuit and thus the strong current. Therefore, we must reduce the loop area.
The most common loop formed by the power supply and ground. Where possible conditions, can be used with a power and ground layers Multilayer PCB design. Multi-layer circuit board not only between the power and ground to minimize the loop area, but also reduces the high frequency EMI ESD pulses generated by the electromagnetic field.
If you can not use multi-layer circuit board, the power and ground for the wire must be connected to the grid shown in Figure 2. Grid connection can play the role of power and ground layers, each layer vias connecting traces, vias in each direction should be connected interval within 6 cm. In addition, the wiring, the power and ground traces as close as it can reduce the loop area.
Induction loop area and reduce
Another way to reduce the flow between the devices interconnected in parallel pathways. Must be longer than 30 cm when the signal cable, you can use Paul
Care line, a better way is placed near the signal line formations. Signal lines should protect the wire or the ground wire from the layer 13 mm or less, the length of each of the sensing element signal line (> 30 cm) or the power cord with ground lines are arranged to cross. The connection must cross from top to bottom or left to right are arranged at regular intervals.
Circuit connection length
Long signal lines can also become ESD pulse energy receiving antenna, try using a shorter signal line can reduce the signal line ESD electromagnetic field as a receiving antenna efficiency. Try to interconnect devices in adjacent positions, in order to reduce interconnection trace lengths. To charge injection
ESD on the ground floor of the direct discharge can damage sensitive circuitry. TVS diodes in use, while also using one or more high-frequency bypass capacitors, these capacitors are placed in vulnerable components of the power supply and ground. Bypass capacitor reduces the charge injection, maintaining the power and the voltage difference between the ground port. lcd module TVS that the sensed current shunt, keeping TVS clamp voltage potential difference. TVS and capacitor should be placed away from the protected IC as close as possible to ensure TVS path to ground, Low Temperature Display and a capacitor pin length is the shortest, to minimize parasitic inductance effects.
Connector must be mounted on the PCB copper platinum layer. Ideally, copper platinum layer PCB ground plane must be isolated from the pad connected via short.
Other PCB design guidelines
1 to avoid the edge of the PCB important signal line arrangements, such as a clock and reset signals;
2 on the PCB is set to the unused part of the ground;
3 chassis ground and signal line intervals of at least 4 mm;
4 maintain the aspect ratio of less than 5:1 chassis ground to minimize inductance effects;
5 with TVS diodes to protect all external connections;
Circuit loop
Current into the circuit by sensing loop, the loop is closed, and has a changing magnetic flux. Current amplitude is proportional to the area of the ring. Larger loop contains more magnetic flux induced in the circuit and thus the strong current. Therefore, we must reduce the loop area.
The most common loop formed by the power supply and ground. Where possible conditions, can be used with a power and ground layers Multilayer PCB design. Multi-layer circuit board not only between the power and ground to minimize the loop area, but also reduces the high frequency EMI ESD pulses generated by the electromagnetic field.
If you can not use multi-layer circuit board, the power and ground for the wire must be connected to the grid shown in Figure 2. Grid connection can play the role of power and ground layers, each layer vias connecting traces, vias in each direction should be connected interval within 6 cm. In addition, the wiring, the power and ground traces as close as it can reduce the loop area.
Induction loop area and reduce
Another way to reduce the flow between the devices interconnected in parallel pathways. Must be longer than 30 cm when the signal cable, you can use Paul
Care line, a better way is placed near the signal line formations. Signal lines should protect the wire or the ground wire from the layer 13 mm or less, the length of each of the sensing element signal line (> 30 cm) or the power cord with ground lines are arranged to cross. The connection must cross from top to bottom or left to right are arranged at regular intervals.
Circuit connection length
Long signal lines can also become ESD pulse energy receiving antenna, try using a shorter signal line can reduce the signal line ESD electromagnetic field as a receiving antenna efficiency. Try to interconnect devices in adjacent positions, in order to reduce interconnection trace lengths. To charge injection
ESD on the ground floor of the direct discharge can damage sensitive circuitry. TVS diodes in use, while also using one or more high-frequency bypass capacitors, these capacitors are placed in vulnerable components of the power supply and ground. Bypass capacitor reduces the charge injection, maintaining the power and the voltage difference between the ground port. lcd module TVS that the sensed current shunt, keeping TVS clamp voltage potential difference. TVS and capacitor should be placed away from the protected IC as close as possible to ensure TVS path to ground, Low Temperature Display and a capacitor pin length is the shortest, to minimize parasitic inductance effects.
Connector must be mounted on the PCB copper platinum layer. Ideally, copper platinum layer PCB ground plane must be isolated from the pad connected via short.
Other PCB design guidelines
1 to avoid the edge of the PCB important signal line arrangements, such as a clock and reset signals;
2 on the PCB is set to the unused part of the ground;
3 chassis ground and signal line intervals of at least 4 mm;
4 maintain the aspect ratio of less than 5:1 chassis ground to minimize inductance effects;
5 with TVS diodes to protect all external connections;
Clean overalls performance testing
Purification performance testing
For clean room use clean uniforms lining attached inside and outside contamination particles was measured using the following four methods: ASTM's F-51 method (microscopy), F-51 repair permit France (counting method), HELMKE drum Act (drum method, corresponding to ASTM test method) and a vibration test (vibration method).
(1) ASTM-F-51 method (microscopy)
Test probe fitted with a filter membrane, metering pump directly connected to the suction, the amount of air passing through 28L/min. Testing the test material through the air, the dust contained in the air to the test particles captured on the filter, with 400 times magnification and count number of dust particles was observed.
0.5-5 read out at the membrane and the number of particles of 5 or more. In the membrane emblazoned with 3.08mm grid, you can read out the number of particles within a grid.
(2) ASTM-F-51 Amendment Act (counting)
The air through the test material,low temperature lcds with a dust particle counter particle size was measured and the number.
The specimen shall be placed on the bench with metal mesh, with the sampler (with a 47mm filter holder instead of) contacts to attract, the amount of air passing through 28L/min.
(3) drum method (Helmke Drum Test)
The sample is placed in a side opening of the rotating drum rotates within the barrel from a grain dust particles on the hair samples was measured with a particle counter determines the number of particles after the level of cleanliness. Rotary drum size is 43cm × 33cm, inside the barrel has four blades, the number of revolutions of drum 10 revolutions / min.
(4) Vibration Method
The specimen shall be placed in a small room, through the vibration generated torsion particles was measured with a particle counter. Meanwhile, the size of large particles (25 or more) trapped on the filter, the readout number of particles. Air flow of 3.5 ft / min (0.099m/mim), the vibration frequency of 150 times / min.
China is currently in a clean dust-free performance testing overalls national standards yet, you can refer to the Japanese air cleaner special committee to study the association of Japanese Industrial Standard JIS-B-9923, and the United States IES Standard RP-CC-003-87-T.
For dust-free performance evaluation, COG LCD Module the industry may be required in accordance with international standards ISO/TC209 clean plant standards, combined with their level of cleanliness to distinguish use.
Driven Parallel White LED
Many portable and battery-powered devices use white lcd graphic display as a backlight. Especially PDA color monitor requires a white background light, in order to restore the desired color reproduction that is very close to the original. Future 3G phone supports picture and video data, which also requires white backlight. Digital cameras, MP3 players and other video and audio devices also include the need for white backlit display. In most applications, a single white LED is not enough, need to drive several LED. Must adopt specific actions to ensure that their intensity and color consistency, even if the battery is discharged, or other conditions change.
Lithium battery is fully charged to provide output voltage of 4.2V, in a very short period of operation will drop to a nominal 3.5V. As the battery discharges, the output voltage will drop further to 3.0V. If the white LED directly from the battery shown in Figure 3, the following problems occur:
First, when the battery is fully charged, all diodes are lit, but will have different light intensity and color. When the battery voltage drops to its nominal voltage, the light intensity decreases, and becomes greater the differences in white. Therefore, designers must consider the battery voltage and diode forward voltage value, and need to calculate the resistor value. (With the battery fully discharged, part of the Low Temperature Display will be completely extinguished.) Charge pump with current control
An LED power supply is to provide a sufficiently high output voltage, and connected in parallel, the same current through the LED. Note that if all of the LED arranged in parallel with the same current, then the LED will all have the same color coordinates. Maxim offers a charge pump with current control in order to achieve this goal (MAX1912). Three in parallel as shown in Figure 8 of the LED, the charge pump having a larger range, the input voltage can be increased to 1.5 times. Early charge pumps simply the input voltage doubler, and the new technology provides better efficiency. The input voltage rises to drive the LED can work exactly level. Connected to the SET (10 pin) resistor network to ensure that all the LED current agreement. Internal circuitry maintains the SET level in 200mV, so you can calculate the current flowing through each LED ILED = 200mV/10 = 20mA. If some diodes require a lower current, can be paralleled to drive three or more LED, MAX1912 output current up to 60mA
Lithium battery is fully charged to provide output voltage of 4.2V, in a very short period of operation will drop to a nominal 3.5V. As the battery discharges, the output voltage will drop further to 3.0V. If the white LED directly from the battery shown in Figure 3, the following problems occur:
First, when the battery is fully charged, all diodes are lit, but will have different light intensity and color. When the battery voltage drops to its nominal voltage, the light intensity decreases, and becomes greater the differences in white. Therefore, designers must consider the battery voltage and diode forward voltage value, and need to calculate the resistor value. (With the battery fully discharged, part of the Low Temperature Display will be completely extinguished.) Charge pump with current control
An LED power supply is to provide a sufficiently high output voltage, and connected in parallel, the same current through the LED. Note that if all of the LED arranged in parallel with the same current, then the LED will all have the same color coordinates. Maxim offers a charge pump with current control in order to achieve this goal (MAX1912). Three in parallel as shown in Figure 8 of the LED, the charge pump having a larger range, the input voltage can be increased to 1.5 times. Early charge pumps simply the input voltage doubler, and the new technology provides better efficiency. The input voltage rises to drive the LED can work exactly level. Connected to the SET (10 pin) resistor network to ensure that all the LED current agreement. Internal circuitry maintains the SET level in 200mV, so you can calculate the current flowing through each LED ILED = 200mV/10 = 20mA. If some diodes require a lower current, can be paralleled to drive three or more LED, MAX1912 output current up to 60mA
2013年8月13日星期二
LCD protective film Product Knowledge
High quality LCD Protector basic characteristics:
1 without glue
PET synthesis techniques using authentic lcd module protector is made from ingredients without glue on the market today have some protective stickers are generic Japanese material made using only the silicon and PET glue binding, and no use of PET synthesis. Results Using a long time, the heat so that the glue digital products produced under the temperature changes, some silicone residue on the LCD surface, it becomes very difficult to remove.
(2) anti-reflective design
With LCD digital products such as digital cameras, PDA, DV, etc. are often used outdoors, we should choose to use the function with anti-reflective Character LCD ModulesProtector. In addition, scratch and anti-fingerprint capacity is also one of the places we should pay attention.
1 without glue
PET synthesis techniques using authentic lcd module protector is made from ingredients without glue on the market today have some protective stickers are generic Japanese material made using only the silicon and PET glue binding, and no use of PET synthesis. Results Using a long time, the heat so that the glue digital products produced under the temperature changes, some silicone residue on the LCD surface, it becomes very difficult to remove.
(2) anti-reflective design
With LCD digital products such as digital cameras, PDA, DV, etc. are often used outdoors, we should choose to use the function with anti-reflective Character LCD ModulesProtector. In addition, scratch and anti-fingerprint capacity is also one of the places we should pay attention.
Full-color OLED display power saving mode
MP3 can play up to 10 hours generally, and the power will generally choose the 7th battery, in order to be placed in a small box, but provides power only 800mAh, that current is not greater than 80mA, or consuming less than 120mW, in a power saving mode, the power consumption can be less than OLED 30mW, accounted for only 25%.
The most special thing is OLED Module luminous place will be used only energy, but the brightness is proportional to the current. Therefore, power saving mode and brightness from the display to proceed; operation when the user does not make a movement, can be used to reduce the current instruction, it is recommended to reduce the brightness half, then after a while the Character LCD Module off, when current is only 5uA .
Displayed content with simple lines based, it is best not to highlight the display. Sometimes _ for aesthetics may require some trade-offs. When the user stops operation, can remove the unnecessary image. Power consumption can be further reduced if the drive voltage and duty cycle becomes adjustable, their relationship with the luminance following formula:. Current is reduced while the relative increase in the duty cycle, NA brightness can be maintained, or you can put the current drop even lower. When the current decreases, the relative operating voltage can also be reduced together, NA power will be less. This power saving mode is very suitable for MP3 applications because the song scrolling display accounted for most of the time, and not need to use the entire screen display song title.
The most special thing is OLED Module luminous place will be used only energy, but the brightness is proportional to the current. Therefore, power saving mode and brightness from the display to proceed; operation when the user does not make a movement, can be used to reduce the current instruction, it is recommended to reduce the brightness half, then after a while the Character LCD Module off, when current is only 5uA .
Displayed content with simple lines based, it is best not to highlight the display. Sometimes _ for aesthetics may require some trade-offs. When the user stops operation, can remove the unnecessary image. Power consumption can be further reduced if the drive voltage and duty cycle becomes adjustable, their relationship with the luminance following formula:. Current is reduced while the relative increase in the duty cycle, NA brightness can be maintained, or you can put the current drop even lower. When the current decreases, the relative operating voltage can also be reduced together, NA power will be less. This power saving mode is very suitable for MP3 applications because the song scrolling display accounted for most of the time, and not need to use the entire screen display song title.
2013年8月8日星期四
A practical method for driving LED Bargraph display
LED Bargraph display because with intuitive display, brightness uniformity, high reliability and low cost, vibration, impact resistance and other characteristics have been used for a variety of display control instrument, as well as the process variable or control the amount of analog indication of valve position, has become a contemporary International Panel Meters latest trends. But in the past to see the complexity of the driving method, needed a lot of integrated circuits, it is difficult to achieve high reliability and simple and practical.
Drive Circuit Design
LED light beam lattice structure determines its display segment must be scanned and the scan shows dot display. The basic principle is that the drive circuit of the input analog signal into a digital signal, and outputs the dynamic scanning method of the digital transformation. LM3914 is 10 light-emitting diode driver, it can convert the analog input to digital output driver 10 light-emitting diodes for display or dot column display.
4 feet and 6 feet 10 is connected between the precision resistor divider, 7 feet and 8 feet between a reference voltage source, 9 feet for the point / column mode selection, five feet for the signal input. 128x32 oled LM3914 voltage reference output is approximately 1.2V, ie between 7 feet and 8 feet to maintain a 1.2V reference voltage Vref, the reference can be directly used for internal divider, so that when Vin (5 feet) input a 0 to 1.2 V voltage, the comparator can be lit via 0 ~ 10 light-emitting diodes.
8 feet can also be adjusted according to the appropriate potential, the time required eight feet on the ground connection resistor R2 (not shown), the 8-foot potential:. Using this relationship can be designed as an 8-foot floating potential, that segment scan while changing R2, you can generate an 8-foot ladder in potential, 6 feet and 4 feet, you can generate a ladder basis, so that when scanning to N (N = 1 ~ 10) segment, the segment that determines the reference voltage of the light beam that paragraph the number of lines.
The design of the drive circuit shown in Figure 3, the figure means that the 101 line GV TFT Lcd Modules beam. 555 and R1, R2, C1 composition oscillator provides the clock signal for the 4017, 4017 is a decimal counter / pulse divider, at every clock cycle, Q0 ~ Q9 sequentially outputs a high level, T1 ~ T10 followed by conduction, for light beam scanning section, while T11 ~ T20 is turned on in order to change each of the reference voltage point through the LM3914 for display, so be constantly scanning and point display section, when the scanning frequency is greater than 50Hz, the human eye will not feel display blinks.
Drive Circuit Design
LED light beam lattice structure determines its display segment must be scanned and the scan shows dot display. The basic principle is that the drive circuit of the input analog signal into a digital signal, and outputs the dynamic scanning method of the digital transformation. LM3914 is 10 light-emitting diode driver, it can convert the analog input to digital output driver 10 light-emitting diodes for display or dot column display.
4 feet and 6 feet 10 is connected between the precision resistor divider, 7 feet and 8 feet between a reference voltage source, 9 feet for the point / column mode selection, five feet for the signal input. 128x32 oled LM3914 voltage reference output is approximately 1.2V, ie between 7 feet and 8 feet to maintain a 1.2V reference voltage Vref, the reference can be directly used for internal divider, so that when Vin (5 feet) input a 0 to 1.2 V voltage, the comparator can be lit via 0 ~ 10 light-emitting diodes.
8 feet can also be adjusted according to the appropriate potential, the time required eight feet on the ground connection resistor R2 (not shown), the 8-foot potential:. Using this relationship can be designed as an 8-foot floating potential, that segment scan while changing R2, you can generate an 8-foot ladder in potential, 6 feet and 4 feet, you can generate a ladder basis, so that when scanning to N (N = 1 ~ 10) segment, the segment that determines the reference voltage of the light beam that paragraph the number of lines.
The design of the drive circuit shown in Figure 3, the figure means that the 101 line GV TFT Lcd Modules beam. 555 and R1, R2, C1 composition oscillator provides the clock signal for the 4017, 4017 is a decimal counter / pulse divider, at every clock cycle, Q0 ~ Q9 sequentially outputs a high level, T1 ~ T10 followed by conduction, for light beam scanning section, while T11 ~ T20 is turned on in order to change each of the reference voltage point through the LM3914 for display, so be constantly scanning and point display section, when the scanning frequency is greater than 50Hz, the human eye will not feel display blinks.
History of TFT LCD
LCD is by the Austrian botanist Fredreich Rheinizer discovered in 1888. In the mid-1960s, scientists have confirmed that the liquid crystal in the external charge after excitation by the crystal light will be deflected. Early prototypes extremely unstable, not mass production, but all of this is a British researcher has changed, he brought a stable liquid crystal material - biphenyl.
TFT LCD is a three-layer structure, the liquid crystal layer is filled in between two glass layers. TFT glass is a glass layer, which has the same number of pixels displayed TFT. The second layer is a color filter glass layer having a color filter is used to generate color. The liquid crystal layer based on the color filter glass layer between the TFT glass layer is moved to the different voltage. Amount of light generated by the backlight of the liquid crystal layer determines the amount of movement to produce colors. A proper lcd module flat screen monitor works, you need the following three voltage:
1. AVDD is a TFT for driving a high voltage / current output.
2. VON is a high bias voltage of the TFT output, which is turn-on voltage.
3. VOFF is the reverse of the TFT reverse bias voltage output, the voltage is turned off.
New four-output regulator designed for TFT LCD Display flat panel display
LT1943 quad output adjustable switching regulator provides power to large-size TFT LCD flat panel display. This device uses a 28-pin small outline thermally enhanced TSSOP package, you can generate 3.3V or 5V logic voltage, but also has three TFT LCD desired output power. Input voltage range of 4.5V to 22V, buck regulator provides a low voltage output VLOGIC and up to 2A. High power boost converter and a reverse converter offers LCD flat display with the required three independent output voltage AVDD, VON and VOFF. VON signal to provide the high-side PNP conduction delay, which can handle up to 30mA of current.
Protection circuit ensures that in any one of four output voltage drops below the normal 10%, VON not work. All switches and internal 1.2MHz clock synchronization, allowing the use of small inductors and exterior ceramic capacitors. Current mode architecture provides excellent transient response. Moreover, in order to achieve optimum flexibility, all outputs are adjustable. LT1943 Another very important feature is its input voltage range of 4.5V to 22V, which allows the AC adapter may be greater than 5V, to drive a larger flat panel display. This is very important because 5V AC adapter has a thicker cable, to handle the appropriate power level, but these cables have inherent high voltage drop, which causes the output to drop below the specified modulation level, thus the display failure. Higher voltage AC adapter (for example, 19V) cables are much thinner and smaller pressure drop, can display provides better regulation performance.
TFT LCD is a three-layer structure, the liquid crystal layer is filled in between two glass layers. TFT glass is a glass layer, which has the same number of pixels displayed TFT. The second layer is a color filter glass layer having a color filter is used to generate color. The liquid crystal layer based on the color filter glass layer between the TFT glass layer is moved to the different voltage. Amount of light generated by the backlight of the liquid crystal layer determines the amount of movement to produce colors. A proper lcd module flat screen monitor works, you need the following three voltage:
1. AVDD is a TFT for driving a high voltage / current output.
2. VON is a high bias voltage of the TFT output, which is turn-on voltage.
3. VOFF is the reverse of the TFT reverse bias voltage output, the voltage is turned off.
New four-output regulator designed for TFT LCD Display flat panel display
LT1943 quad output adjustable switching regulator provides power to large-size TFT LCD flat panel display. This device uses a 28-pin small outline thermally enhanced TSSOP package, you can generate 3.3V or 5V logic voltage, but also has three TFT LCD desired output power. Input voltage range of 4.5V to 22V, buck regulator provides a low voltage output VLOGIC and up to 2A. High power boost converter and a reverse converter offers LCD flat display with the required three independent output voltage AVDD, VON and VOFF. VON signal to provide the high-side PNP conduction delay, which can handle up to 30mA of current.
Protection circuit ensures that in any one of four output voltage drops below the normal 10%, VON not work. All switches and internal 1.2MHz clock synchronization, allowing the use of small inductors and exterior ceramic capacitors. Current mode architecture provides excellent transient response. Moreover, in order to achieve optimum flexibility, all outputs are adjustable. LT1943 Another very important feature is its input voltage range of 4.5V to 22V, which allows the AC adapter may be greater than 5V, to drive a larger flat panel display. This is very important because 5V AC adapter has a thicker cable, to handle the appropriate power level, but these cables have inherent high voltage drop, which causes the output to drop below the specified modulation level, thus the display failure. Higher voltage AC adapter (for example, 19V) cables are much thinner and smaller pressure drop, can display provides better regulation performance.
2013年8月7日星期三
FPGA logic design elements
Wireless digital spread spectrum communication platform, DSP clocked at 10.24MHz, using FPGA logic can get CL2 eighths frequency of 1.28MHz oscillator frequency, then the counter counts pulses respectively CL2 CL1 and FRM signal can be obtained, counts were 80 and 19200. Since there is no micro-LCD module RAM (display buffer), so in the FPGA construct two 32 words of RAM, a DSP board from a RAM (64K words) reads the display data, while the other is used to transfer data sent to the lcd module.
Reads the display data from the DSP board used when the clock frequency is 10.24MHz, with the DSP DSP HOLD mode lets give up control of the bus. Data to the LCD screen displays the frequency of 1.28MHz. So, FPGA 32-character display data to the LCD display requires 100us, so HOLD interrupt frequency as 100us. Thus, you can analyze the FPGA LCD DSP control will occupy about 5% of working time. Considering no additional hardware resources can be achieved LCD control, such an arrangement is more reasonable. Through the FPGA logic design, FPGA can also issue a read signal RD, chip select signal DS and address bus A0-A15, but these signals are only valid during the HOLDA issue, other times to a high impedance state, thus will not affect the DSP FPGA work.
LCD touch screen control
By design, combined with resistive touch screen controller ADS7843 dedicated application constitutes a set of text graphics pen control, editing and wireless transmission in one of the wireless handheld computer products. BURR-BROWN ADS7843 is a company dedicated to the 4-wire resistive touch screen, 12-bit analog / digital sampling converters, a single power supply, full power-down mode, the conversion speed is fast. ADS7843 used in a large battery PDA (personal digital assistants) and handheld portable devices. Through the DSP for synchronous serial port on the ADS7843 touchscreen interface control can get the position switching signal, and then the DSP computing into data to be displayed into an external display buffer, FPGA as an lcd graphic display modules controller will be able to send data in the display buffer LCD screen to display correctly. Meanwhile, from the touch screen pattern obtained by the DSP editing and processing of the various information is also transmitted via the wireless spread spectrum communication platform out. Of course, to accomplish these functions must also increase editing software and Store.
Reads the display data from the DSP board used when the clock frequency is 10.24MHz, with the DSP DSP HOLD mode lets give up control of the bus. Data to the LCD screen displays the frequency of 1.28MHz. So, FPGA 32-character display data to the LCD display requires 100us, so HOLD interrupt frequency as 100us. Thus, you can analyze the FPGA LCD DSP control will occupy about 5% of working time. Considering no additional hardware resources can be achieved LCD control, such an arrangement is more reasonable. Through the FPGA logic design, FPGA can also issue a read signal RD, chip select signal DS and address bus A0-A15, but these signals are only valid during the HOLDA issue, other times to a high impedance state, thus will not affect the DSP FPGA work.
LCD touch screen control
By design, combined with resistive touch screen controller ADS7843 dedicated application constitutes a set of text graphics pen control, editing and wireless transmission in one of the wireless handheld computer products. BURR-BROWN ADS7843 is a company dedicated to the 4-wire resistive touch screen, 12-bit analog / digital sampling converters, a single power supply, full power-down mode, the conversion speed is fast. ADS7843 used in a large battery PDA (personal digital assistants) and handheld portable devices. Through the DSP for synchronous serial port on the ADS7843 touchscreen interface control can get the position switching signal, and then the DSP computing into data to be displayed into an external display buffer, FPGA as an lcd graphic display modules controller will be able to send data in the display buffer LCD screen to display correctly. Meanwhile, from the touch screen pattern obtained by the DSP editing and processing of the various information is also transmitted via the wireless spread spectrum communication platform out. Of course, to accomplish these functions must also increase editing software and Store.
Constitute LCD controller with FPGA
By a DSP (Digital Signal Processing) chip and FPGA (field programmable gate array) as the core component of the wireless digital spread spectrum communication wireless spread spectrum communication platform is an open platform, can be used for wireless access, wireless images and audio transmission, mobile INTERNET, precise regional positioning LPS, intelligent remote detection and other high-tech fields. Based on the increase in the liquid crystal display and touch screen control, which can achieve a text and graphical information editing and wireless transmission.
We the FPGA logic programming lcd module controller functions. FPGA timer interrupt DSP (DSP about 5% of the working time) to access to external RAM display data, and then, FPGA internal logic of the display data to be displayed on the LCD screen. DSP on the touch screen conversion signal processing and computing, and complete a variety of text and graphics editing tasks. That together with the DSP and FPGA controls the liquid crystal display and text editing graphic information, and to receive a touch screen signal, in order to achieve the function of handheld pen. Character LCD Modules Combined with digital spread spectrum wireless communications platform will be able to achieve a text and graphical information of the wireless transmission. The product can be used to reporters at the scene to conduct communications inconvenient text and graphics, real-time editing and coverage as well as in the process of moving text and graphic information required where wireless transmission
We the FPGA logic programming lcd module controller functions. FPGA timer interrupt DSP (DSP about 5% of the working time) to access to external RAM display data, and then, FPGA internal logic of the display data to be displayed on the LCD screen. DSP on the touch screen conversion signal processing and computing, and complete a variety of text and graphics editing tasks. That together with the DSP and FPGA controls the liquid crystal display and text editing graphic information, and to receive a touch screen signal, in order to achieve the function of handheld pen. Character LCD Modules Combined with digital spread spectrum wireless communications platform will be able to achieve a text and graphical information of the wireless transmission. The product can be used to reporters at the scene to conduct communications inconvenient text and graphics, real-time editing and coverage as well as in the process of moving text and graphic information required where wireless transmission
LCD driver control chip instruction decoding module design
The lcm module is a dedicated chip control center, the role of the decoder input from the MPU command word into a variety of high-level pulse having a constant width signal, thereby controlling the corresponding circuit, it changes state, complete control the corresponding function module.
MPU sent the script (with R / W, RS signal) into the instruction decoder decodes. The instruction decoder followed by a combinational logic circuit and a stabilizing signal is applied subsequent to the RS flip-flop, the flip-flop output control chip of the module operation.
The operation of the chip MPU total of 11 instructions, can be divided into four broad categories: display function setting command, address setting instructions, data transfer instructions and other type of instruction (such as reading BF).
① Display Function Set instruction includes three display mode: line 5 × 8 dot matrix, two lines of 5 × 8 dot matrix, line 5 × 11 dot matrix format; ② cursor display: do not show, flashing display, lit display; ③ left or right a display control; ④ shift display return after treatment; ⑤ clear the screen. With these instructions, the lcd module can be achieved in a variety of display control.
Address set instruction and data transfer instructions with the conduct, you can achieve MPU and data transfer between RAM. The MPU chip data transfer operation, first send the address set instruction, determine the selection DDRAM or CGRAM data transmission, and the address is written to the counter by setting the number of AC, the AC for RAM addressing operation. The MPU RAM read and write commands sent, can control the display character. MPU BF is an instruction detection, but does not require instruction decoding operations directly in MPU I / O port operation can be completed 3.1 has been introduced, not repeat them here. When the LCD drive control instruction to complete a chip, through the internal circuit generates a high signal BFRESET, the BF is reset, waiting for the next instruction.
MPU sent the script (with R / W, RS signal) into the instruction decoder decodes. The instruction decoder followed by a combinational logic circuit and a stabilizing signal is applied subsequent to the RS flip-flop, the flip-flop output control chip of the module operation.
The operation of the chip MPU total of 11 instructions, can be divided into four broad categories: display function setting command, address setting instructions, data transfer instructions and other type of instruction (such as reading BF).
① Display Function Set instruction includes three display mode: line 5 × 8 dot matrix, two lines of 5 × 8 dot matrix, line 5 × 11 dot matrix format; ② cursor display: do not show, flashing display, lit display; ③ left or right a display control; ④ shift display return after treatment; ⑤ clear the screen. With these instructions, the lcd module can be achieved in a variety of display control.
Address set instruction and data transfer instructions with the conduct, you can achieve MPU and data transfer between RAM. The MPU chip data transfer operation, first send the address set instruction, determine the selection DDRAM or CGRAM data transmission, and the address is written to the counter by setting the number of AC, the AC for RAM addressing operation. The MPU RAM read and write commands sent, can control the display character. MPU BF is an instruction detection, but does not require instruction decoding operations directly in MPU I / O port operation can be completed 3.1 has been introduced, not repeat them here. When the LCD drive control instruction to complete a chip, through the internal circuit generates a high signal BFRESET, the BF is reset, waiting for the next instruction.
LCD controller functions
LCD controller's function is to display drive signal, thereby driving the LCD. Users only need to write a series of registers, to complete the configuration and the display driver. In the process of designing LCD driver first and foremost is to configure the LCD controller and LCD controller in the configuration of the most important step is the frame buffer (FrameBuffer) designation. The user to display the contents are to be read out from the buffer to display on the screen. Frame buffer size is determined by the screen resolution and number of colors displayed decision. Drive frame buffer implementation is the focus of the entire drive the development process. S3C2410 the LCD controller can support two kinds of STN and TFT LCD. For STN LCD flat panel, the LCD controller can support four pairs of scan, 4-bit single scan, and 8-bit single scan three display types, support for 4 and 16 grayscale monochrome display mode, supports 256 colors and 4096 colors display, which can be accessed multiple resolution of the serial oled
display, for example, 640 × 480,320 × 240 and 160 × 160, etc., in the 256-color display mode, maximum support 4096 × 1024,2048 × 2048 and 1024 × 4096 display. TFT LCD flat panel can support 1-2-4-8bpp (bits per pixel) color palette color palette display mode and non-16bpp true color display.
Frame buffer is seen in the Linux 2.2.xx and later kernels which a driver interface, this interface will display device abstraction for the frame buffer device area. The image frame buffer hardware device provides an abstraction process, which represents the number of video hardware, allows the application software through a well-defined interface to access the graphics hardware device. Such software without knowing any thing related to the underlying hardware drivers (such as hardware registers). It allows the upper application in graphics mode to read and write directly to the display buffer and the I / O control and other operations. Through special device nodes can access the device, such as / dev / fb *. Users can use it as an image display memory, be mapped into the process address space, you can read and write operations, and read and write operations can be reflected to the mini lcd module.
Frame buffer device corresponding device file is / dev / fb *. If the system has multiple graphics cards, Linux also supports multiple frame buffer device, up to 32, that is / dev/fb0 ~ / dev/fb31. The / dev / fb then point to the current frame buffer device, under normal circumstances, the default frame buffer device is / dev/fb0.
Frame buffer device also belongs to a character device, using the "file level - driver layer" interface mode.
Frame buffer is seen in the Linux 2.2.xx and later kernels which a driver interface, this interface will display device abstraction for the frame buffer device area. The image frame buffer hardware device provides an abstraction process, which represents the number of video hardware, allows the application software through a well-defined interface to access the graphics hardware device. Such software without knowing any thing related to the underlying hardware drivers (such as hardware registers). It allows the upper application in graphics mode to read and write directly to the display buffer and the I / O control and other operations. Through special device nodes can access the device, such as / dev / fb *. Users can use it as an image display memory, be mapped into the process address space, you can read and write operations, and read and write operations can be reflected to the mini lcd module.
Frame buffer device corresponding device file is / dev / fb *. If the system has multiple graphics cards, Linux also supports multiple frame buffer device, up to 32, that is / dev/fb0 ~ / dev/fb31. The / dev / fb then point to the current frame buffer device, under normal circumstances, the default frame buffer device is / dev/fb0.
Frame buffer device also belongs to a character device, using the "file level - driver layer" interface mode.
2013年8月6日星期二
The type of liquid crystal display
Is called the liquid crystal display made of a liquid crystal display, in English called LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). Its kind of drive can be divided according to static drive (Static), simple matrix drive (SimpleMatrix) and active matrix drive (ActiveMatrix) three. The one simple matrix type is commonly known as passive (Passive), can be divided into a twisted nematic (Twisted Nematic, referred TN) and super twisted nematic (Super Twisted Nematic, referred STN) two kinds; while active matrix type places thin-film transistor type (Thin Film Transistor; TFT) is the current mainstream. TN TN type liquid crystal display technology can be said to be the most basic OLED Module, other types of liquid crystal displays can be said is modeled to be improved TN type. Similarly, its principle of operation is also simple than other techniques. TN The structure includes a vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the polarizer (Polarizer), which lines the groove having a middle mixed crystal material and a conductive glass substrate (Glass).
STN / DSTN STN type display principle is similar, except that a TN-type liquid crystal molecules are rotated 90 degrees to the incident light, the incident light can be rotated and the STN 180 to 270 degrees. TN display itself is only a simple two display brightness (or black and white), can not produce color changes. TN LCD used the "direct drive" can not display more pixels, and the screen contrast is small, slow response, perspective and we only +30 degrees (ie, viewing angle of about 60 degrees), the display quality is poor; it TN type LCD main purpose is to simply display the number of characters and words, such as: electronic watches and electronic calculators. STN improves the appearance of a narrow perspective on the shortcomings and improve the ratio, STN to "multi-task-driven" to increase the number of scan lines to improve pixel display, high quality more than TN. Then with the use of color filters, the color of any pixel of the display matrix (pixel) is divided into three sub-pixels (sub-pixel), respectively, through the color filters red, green, and blue, and then through the three primary colors ratio The harmony, can show full-color mode approximation colors. As STN display screen color contrast is still only reached 30:1 (compare the smaller screen more clear); reaction speed is 150ms (milliseconds), as a general operating display interface is acceptable but still not enough speed to play movies.
Since there are still many shortcomings STN, DSTN subsequent way through the dual-scan display, the DSTN dual scanning technology, so the effect is relatively STN display, it has greatly improved. DSTN response speed of up to 100ms, but they are "passive driven", changing the voltage of the electric field in the process repeated, each pixel recovery process is slow, rapid change in the screen, for example: display the broadcast of the game of tennis , will produce the so-called "tail" phenomenon. Especially when the tennis player hitting the moment, you can see on the screen drag the "ball track tail" phenomenon. However, DSTN cheap, power consumption is low, the number of PDA, etc., are still used as a display device DSTN. TFT TN and STN type liquid crystal displays are using a field voltage driving method, if the display size increase, the central portion of the electrode will lengthen the response time changes, the display speed can not keep up. In order to improve this problem, active matrix (active-matrix) drive is presented, active TFT liquid crystal display structure is more complex include: the backlight tubes, light guide plate, polarizer, filter plate, a glass substrate, with the film, the liquid crystal material and a thin mode transistors, etc. (Figure 3-2). TFT type liquid crystal display device in the conductive glass of fine lines painted on the mesh electrode by a thin film type transistors arranged in a matrix switch in each line intersects with a control gate, control gate of each display point with the drive signals for the move. Electrode of the transistor matrix display signals on or off by the liquid crystal molecules voltage, so that the liquid crystal molecular axis shift from "light" or "dark" contrast of the display to avoid dependence on the electric field effect, turn the transistor on and off in the rate of as the determining step. Therefore, TFT-LCD display quality than the TN / STN good, the screen display of up to 150:1 contrast, 30ms or faster reaction rate approximation. While the effect can be full color or true color display, products for PDA, notebook computers, lcd module, car navigation systems, digital cameras and LCD projectors.
STN / DSTN STN type display principle is similar, except that a TN-type liquid crystal molecules are rotated 90 degrees to the incident light, the incident light can be rotated and the STN 180 to 270 degrees. TN display itself is only a simple two display brightness (or black and white), can not produce color changes. TN LCD used the "direct drive" can not display more pixels, and the screen contrast is small, slow response, perspective and we only +30 degrees (ie, viewing angle of about 60 degrees), the display quality is poor; it TN type LCD main purpose is to simply display the number of characters and words, such as: electronic watches and electronic calculators. STN improves the appearance of a narrow perspective on the shortcomings and improve the ratio, STN to "multi-task-driven" to increase the number of scan lines to improve pixel display, high quality more than TN. Then with the use of color filters, the color of any pixel of the display matrix (pixel) is divided into three sub-pixels (sub-pixel), respectively, through the color filters red, green, and blue, and then through the three primary colors ratio The harmony, can show full-color mode approximation colors. As STN display screen color contrast is still only reached 30:1 (compare the smaller screen more clear); reaction speed is 150ms (milliseconds), as a general operating display interface is acceptable but still not enough speed to play movies.
Since there are still many shortcomings STN, DSTN subsequent way through the dual-scan display, the DSTN dual scanning technology, so the effect is relatively STN display, it has greatly improved. DSTN response speed of up to 100ms, but they are "passive driven", changing the voltage of the electric field in the process repeated, each pixel recovery process is slow, rapid change in the screen, for example: display the broadcast of the game of tennis , will produce the so-called "tail" phenomenon. Especially when the tennis player hitting the moment, you can see on the screen drag the "ball track tail" phenomenon. However, DSTN cheap, power consumption is low, the number of PDA, etc., are still used as a display device DSTN. TFT TN and STN type liquid crystal displays are using a field voltage driving method, if the display size increase, the central portion of the electrode will lengthen the response time changes, the display speed can not keep up. In order to improve this problem, active matrix (active-matrix) drive is presented, active TFT liquid crystal display structure is more complex include: the backlight tubes, light guide plate, polarizer, filter plate, a glass substrate, with the film, the liquid crystal material and a thin mode transistors, etc. (Figure 3-2). TFT type liquid crystal display device in the conductive glass of fine lines painted on the mesh electrode by a thin film type transistors arranged in a matrix switch in each line intersects with a control gate, control gate of each display point with the drive signals for the move. Electrode of the transistor matrix display signals on or off by the liquid crystal molecules voltage, so that the liquid crystal molecular axis shift from "light" or "dark" contrast of the display to avoid dependence on the electric field effect, turn the transistor on and off in the rate of as the determining step. Therefore, TFT-LCD display quality than the TN / STN good, the screen display of up to 150:1 contrast, 30ms or faster reaction rate approximation. While the effect can be full color or true color display, products for PDA, notebook computers, lcd module, car navigation systems, digital cameras and LCD projectors.
LCD universal basis
The era of ultra-thin flat panel display
Used in television CRT (cathode ray tube) has a large volume and weight, size constraints and other shortcomings. With the development of electronic technology, the requirement for more and more mobile display, CRT's inherent limitations, allowed miniaturization, mobility ideal hindered. This makes developing a new generation of display technology becomes more is necessary! A new generation of display emphasizes several points: plane at right angles, the screen display is not deformed, light, small energy consumption, easy to carry and at the same video signal with the existing technical compatibility. Currently it comes to ultra-thin display technology, the most popular application when it is Character LCD Modules, and covered the digital cameras, notebook computers, PDA, etc., need to display complex information in electronic products altogether without it. TFT LCD technology but also contains, low-temperature polycrystalline silicon TFT LCD, reflective TFT Lcd Modules, etc., a number of different display technologies
Describes the physical properties of the liquid crystal, it must first understand a direction generally a crystalline solid, and the liquid crystal material of this particular, not only the direction of a general crystalline solid, but also has the mobility of the liquid. Solid crystals must be rotated to change the direction of the entire crystal, changing the liquid crystal NA would not bother, it's directionality can be controlled by electric or magnetic fields.
Changing the direction of the liquid crystal composition as the liquid crystal are different from the conventional liquid crystal and the electric field parallel to the low potential, so that when the applied electric field toward the direction of rotation when the relative, but also a liquid crystal is perpendicular to the electric potential than the corresponding low. Since the liquid crystal to the applied force (electric or magnetic field sensitive), which presents a directional effect, but also led to the incident when the light when the LCD, liquid crystal molecules are bound to the arrangement in accordance with the road, resulting in a natural deflection is like.
Part of the electronic structure of the liquid crystal molecules, there is a strong electron conjugated athletic ability, so when the liquid crystal molecules by the applied electric field, the polarization can easily be induced dipole (induced dipolar), which is the liquid crystal molecules interaction between a source of strength. The general electronic products in a liquid crystal display, that is the use of a liquid crystal electro-optical effect, with an external voltage control, and through the refractive properties of the liquid crystal molecules, and the rotation ability of light to obtain bright and dark conditions, and then to imaging purposes.
Used in television CRT (cathode ray tube) has a large volume and weight, size constraints and other shortcomings. With the development of electronic technology, the requirement for more and more mobile display, CRT's inherent limitations, allowed miniaturization, mobility ideal hindered. This makes developing a new generation of display technology becomes more is necessary! A new generation of display emphasizes several points: plane at right angles, the screen display is not deformed, light, small energy consumption, easy to carry and at the same video signal with the existing technical compatibility. Currently it comes to ultra-thin display technology, the most popular application when it is Character LCD Modules, and covered the digital cameras, notebook computers, PDA, etc., need to display complex information in electronic products altogether without it. TFT LCD technology but also contains, low-temperature polycrystalline silicon TFT LCD, reflective TFT Lcd Modules, etc., a number of different display technologies
Describes the physical properties of the liquid crystal, it must first understand a direction generally a crystalline solid, and the liquid crystal material of this particular, not only the direction of a general crystalline solid, but also has the mobility of the liquid. Solid crystals must be rotated to change the direction of the entire crystal, changing the liquid crystal NA would not bother, it's directionality can be controlled by electric or magnetic fields.
Changing the direction of the liquid crystal composition as the liquid crystal are different from the conventional liquid crystal and the electric field parallel to the low potential, so that when the applied electric field toward the direction of rotation when the relative, but also a liquid crystal is perpendicular to the electric potential than the corresponding low. Since the liquid crystal to the applied force (electric or magnetic field sensitive), which presents a directional effect, but also led to the incident when the light when the LCD, liquid crystal molecules are bound to the arrangement in accordance with the road, resulting in a natural deflection is like.
Part of the electronic structure of the liquid crystal molecules, there is a strong electron conjugated athletic ability, so when the liquid crystal molecules by the applied electric field, the polarization can easily be induced dipole (induced dipolar), which is the liquid crystal molecules interaction between a source of strength. The general electronic products in a liquid crystal display, that is the use of a liquid crystal electro-optical effect, with an external voltage control, and through the refractive properties of the liquid crystal molecules, and the rotation ability of light to obtain bright and dark conditions, and then to imaging purposes.
2013年8月5日星期一
LCD viewing angle
LCD viewing angle really is a vexing problem when the backlight through the polarizing film, and orientation of the liquid crystal layer, the light output will have a direction. That most of the light is emitted from the screen vertically, so from a certain point of view a larger LCD monitor, we can not see the original color, or even only to see all white or all black. To solve this problem, manufacturers have also started to develop wide-angle technology, so far there are three of the more popular technology, namely: TN + FILM, IPS (IN-PLANE-SWITCHING) and MVA (MULTI-DOMAIN VERTICAL alignMENT).
First TN + FILM technology, which is based on the original, an additional layer of wide viewing angle compensation film. This layer of the viewing angle compensation film can be increased to 150 degrees, is a simple way, in a large number of applications in liquid crystal displays. However, this technique does not improve the contrast ratio and response time performance, perhaps for manufacturers, TN + FILM is not the best solution, but it really is the cheapest solution, so most of the Taiwan companies are using this Methods to build 15-inch LCD monitor.
IPS (IN-PLANE-SWITCHING, in-plane switching) technology, which claims to allow greater vertical and horizontal viewing angle of 170 degrees. There are advantages, there will be shortcomings, IPS technology, while increasing the viewing angle, but with two electrodes driving the liquid crystal molecules, need to consume more power, which makes the LCD monitor's power consumption increases. Furthermore deadly is driven in this way the response time of the liquid crystal molecules will be relatively slow.
MVA (MULTI-DOMAIN VERTICAL alignMENT, multi-domain vertical alignment) technology, the principle is to increase the prominence to form a plurality of viewable area. When the liquid crystal molecules is not completely in a static vertically, the applied voltage to the liquid crystal molecules are arranged horizontally, so that the light can be through the layers. MVA technology will increase the viewing angle to 160 degrees or more, and provide more than IPS and TN + FILM shorter response time. This technology is developed by Fujitsu, Taiwan Chi Mei (CMO in mainland China is a subsidiary of CMV) and Taiwan's AU Optronics authorized to use this technology. In addition to the above three wide viewing angle technology, there is the father of the lcd module SHARP exclusive ASV technology, a variant of Korea SAMSUNG MVA technology "PVA", as well as South Korea's Hyundai (HYDIS) of IPS deformation "FFS" technology.
Visual range is divided into parallel visual range and vertical viewing range, horizontal viewing range of the vertical axis is the Low Temperature Display as the center, left and right, you can clearly see the range of the image. Vertical viewing range is parallel to the axis of the display as the center, moving up and down, you can clearly see the range of the image. Viewing angle to the "degree" as a unit, the current form of the more commonly used label marked total direct horizontal, vertical range, such as: 150/120 degrees viewing angle of the current minimum of 120/100 degrees (horizontal / vertical), below this value will not be accepted, preferably 150/120 degrees.
First TN + FILM technology, which is based on the original, an additional layer of wide viewing angle compensation film. This layer of the viewing angle compensation film can be increased to 150 degrees, is a simple way, in a large number of applications in liquid crystal displays. However, this technique does not improve the contrast ratio and response time performance, perhaps for manufacturers, TN + FILM is not the best solution, but it really is the cheapest solution, so most of the Taiwan companies are using this Methods to build 15-inch LCD monitor.
IPS (IN-PLANE-SWITCHING, in-plane switching) technology, which claims to allow greater vertical and horizontal viewing angle of 170 degrees. There are advantages, there will be shortcomings, IPS technology, while increasing the viewing angle, but with two electrodes driving the liquid crystal molecules, need to consume more power, which makes the LCD monitor's power consumption increases. Furthermore deadly is driven in this way the response time of the liquid crystal molecules will be relatively slow.
MVA (MULTI-DOMAIN VERTICAL alignMENT, multi-domain vertical alignment) technology, the principle is to increase the prominence to form a plurality of viewable area. When the liquid crystal molecules is not completely in a static vertically, the applied voltage to the liquid crystal molecules are arranged horizontally, so that the light can be through the layers. MVA technology will increase the viewing angle to 160 degrees or more, and provide more than IPS and TN + FILM shorter response time. This technology is developed by Fujitsu, Taiwan Chi Mei (CMO in mainland China is a subsidiary of CMV) and Taiwan's AU Optronics authorized to use this technology. In addition to the above three wide viewing angle technology, there is the father of the lcd module SHARP exclusive ASV technology, a variant of Korea SAMSUNG MVA technology "PVA", as well as South Korea's Hyundai (HYDIS) of IPS deformation "FFS" technology.
Visual range is divided into parallel visual range and vertical viewing range, horizontal viewing range of the vertical axis is the Low Temperature Display as the center, left and right, you can clearly see the range of the image. Vertical viewing range is parallel to the axis of the display as the center, moving up and down, you can clearly see the range of the image. Viewing angle to the "degree" as a unit, the current form of the more commonly used label marked total direct horizontal, vertical range, such as: 150/120 degrees viewing angle of the current minimum of 120/100 degrees (horizontal / vertical), below this value will not be accepted, preferably 150/120 degrees.
What is the judge's standard LCD monitor
Judgment standard LCD monitor following main points:
(1) resolution. Resolution refers to the screen each row and column number of pixels, LCD and CRT display resolution different, generally can not be adjusted, which is set by the manufacturer and regulations. Now lcd module resolution is usually 800 points × 600 lines SVGA display mode and 1024 × 768 XGA line display mode.
(2) refresh rate. Refresh rate refers to the display frame rate, ie, the frequencies of each pixel refresh time, it and the screen scanning speed and the ability to avoid screen flicker closely related. If the refresh rate is too low, the screen image may appear flicker or jitter.
(3) viewing angle. Viewing angle is standing on the center line of the screen up and down, left and right can still clearly see a certain position of the screen image angle range. In general, LCD viewing angles are symmetrical, but may not necessarily up and down, often up and down angle of less than about angles. Of course, viewing angle is the bigger the better. LCD TV viewing angle can be up and down, left and right 160 degree range, can achieve good television ratings.
(4) Brightness, contrast. Brightness is the maximum brightness of the liquid crystal television many nits per square meter (cd/m2), Contrast is the ratio of the light and dark. Currently the maximum brightness of the TFT Lcd Modules TV 450cd/m2, contrast ratio of 500:1.
(5) response time. Response time response of each pixel of the liquid crystal display response speed of the input signal, that is, from dark to light or light dimmer speed. The smaller the response time does not occur when watching motion picture film tail dragging feeling.
(1) resolution. Resolution refers to the screen each row and column number of pixels, LCD and CRT display resolution different, generally can not be adjusted, which is set by the manufacturer and regulations. Now lcd module resolution is usually 800 points × 600 lines SVGA display mode and 1024 × 768 XGA line display mode.
(2) refresh rate. Refresh rate refers to the display frame rate, ie, the frequencies of each pixel refresh time, it and the screen scanning speed and the ability to avoid screen flicker closely related. If the refresh rate is too low, the screen image may appear flicker or jitter.
(3) viewing angle. Viewing angle is standing on the center line of the screen up and down, left and right can still clearly see a certain position of the screen image angle range. In general, LCD viewing angles are symmetrical, but may not necessarily up and down, often up and down angle of less than about angles. Of course, viewing angle is the bigger the better. LCD TV viewing angle can be up and down, left and right 160 degree range, can achieve good television ratings.
(4) Brightness, contrast. Brightness is the maximum brightness of the liquid crystal television many nits per square meter (cd/m2), Contrast is the ratio of the light and dark. Currently the maximum brightness of the TFT Lcd Modules TV 450cd/m2, contrast ratio of 500:1.
(5) response time. Response time response of each pixel of the liquid crystal display response speed of the input signal, that is, from dark to light or light dimmer speed. The smaller the response time does not occur when watching motion picture film tail dragging feeling.
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